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and range define only the center line of the pattern. (In this example, “20W” means the line has a total width of
20 NM, 10 miles either side of a center line drawn from the points given in item “e” above.)
7. Cell movement (cells within line moving from 240 degrees at 25 knots in this example). Movement is only coded
for cells; it will not be coded for lines or areas.
8. Maximum top and location (57,000 feet MSL on radial 159 degrees at 65 NM in this example). Maximum tops may
be coded with the symbols “MT” or “MTS.” If it is coded with “MTS” it means that satellite data as well as radar
information was used to measure the top of the precipitation.
9. The report is automated from WSR-88D weather radar data.
10. Digital section is used for preparing radar summary chart.
TLX 1935 LN 8 TRW++ 86/40 164/60 20W C2425 MTS 570 AT 159/65
AUTO ^MO1 NO2 ON3 PM34 QM3 RL2 =
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Location/Time E c h o Coverage
Pattern
Type
Intensity
Intensity Trend
Azimuth &Range
of Echo Echo
Dimensions
Cell
Movement
Maximum Top (MT)
and Location
Remarks
Figure 9-50. Sample Radar Weather Report.
INTENSITY
Light
Moderate
Heavy
Very Heavy
Intense
Extreme
SYMBOL
-
(none)
+
++
X
XX
Figure 9-51. Intensity and intensity trend symbols.
9-36
wind, visibility, weather, or sky conditions are expected
to last for less than one hour at a time, and expected to
occur during less than half the time period. The four
digits following the temporary code give the expected
beginning and ending hours during which the conditions
will prevail. In the example, reduced visibility
due to mist is expected to prevail between 1200 hours
and 1400 hours. The from (FM) change group is used
to describe a rapid and significant change in the forecast
weather that is expected to occur in less than an
hour. When a gradual change in the forecast weather
is expected over a period of about 2-hours, the
becoming (BECMG) group is used. The probabilityforecast
group is used when there is less than a 50
percent chance of thunderstorms or precipitation. In
the example, PROB40 indicates that between 0000Z
and 0400Z there is a 40 to 50 percent chance of a
moderate rain showers associated with a thunderstorm,
3 statute miles visibility, and broken cloud
layer at 3,000 feet AGL. The CB following the sky
condition stands for cumulonimbus clouds.
AVIATION AREA FORECAST
An aviation area forecast (FA) covers general weather
conditions over several states or a known geographical
area and is a good source of information for enroute
weather. It also helps determine the weather conditions
at airports, which do not have Terminal Aerodrome
Forecasts. FAs are issued three times a day in the 48
Figure 9-52.Terminal Aerodrome Forecast.
TAF
KPIR 111140Z 111212 13012KT P6SM BKN100 TEMPO 1214 5SM BR
FM0000 14012KT P6SM BKN080 OVC150 PROB40 0004 3SM TSRA BKN030CB
FM0400 14008KT P6SM SCT040
BECMG 0810 32007KT=
MT
WY
UT CO
AZ
ID
NM
NV
SLC
Salt Lake City
Heading
Section
SLCC FA 141045
SYNOPSIS AND CLDS/WX
SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL 150500
CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL 142300... OUTLK VALID 142300-150500
ID MT NV UT WY CO AZ NM
Precautionary
Statements
SEE AIRMET SIERRA FOR IFR CONDS AND MTN OBSCN.
TSTMS IMPLY PSBL SVR OR GTR TURBC SVR ICG LLWS
AND IFR CONDS.
NON MSL HGTS ARE DENOTED BY AGL OR CIG.
Synopsis
SYNOPSIS...HIGH PRES OVER NERN MT CONTG EWD
GRDLY. LOW PRES OVR AZ NM AND WRN TX RMNG
GENLY STNRY. ALF...TROF EXTDS FROM WRN MT INTO
SRN AZ RMNG STNRY.
VFR Clouds
and Weather
.
ID MT
FROM YXH TO SHR TO 30SE BZN TO 60SE PIH TO LKT TO
YXC TO YXH.
70-90 SCT-BKN 120-150. WDLY SCT RW-. TOPS SHWRS 180.
OTLK...VFR
RMNDR AREA...100-120. ISOLD RW- MNLY ERN PTNS AREA.
OTLK...VFR
.
UT NV NM AZ
80 SCT-BKN 150-200. WDLY SCT RW-/TRW-. CB TOPS 450.
OTLK...VFR
.
WY CO
FROM BZN TO GCC TO LBL TO DVC TO RKS TO BZN.
70-90 BKN-OVC 200. OCNL VSBY 3R-F. AFT 20Z WDLY SCT
TRW-. CB TOPS 450. OTLK...MVFR CIG RW.
Figure 9-53. Aviation Area Forecast.
9-37
contiguous states, and amended as required. NWS
offices issue FAs for Hawaii and Alaska; however, the
Alaska FA uses a different format. An additional specialized
FA may be issued for the Gulf of Mexico by
the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida.
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Glider Flying Handbook(131)
