Illustration of Vertical Delineation of Airspace
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Page 1-8 Released Issue Edition: 2.0
1.5 COMMON BOUNDARIES
1.5.1 General
1.5.1.1 The essential principles specified in paragraph 1.4.2 and the rules for the establishment of ATS routes, airspace reservations (TAA Concept) and airspace restrictions (P, R, D) need to be combined in such a manner to ensure no waste of airspace. In this regard, common boundaries can be used as the published limits of any adjoining airspace reservations and/or restrictions and controlled airspace, without either infringing safety or requiring additional buffer in between.
1.5.2 Application of Protected Airspace
1.5.2.1 On one hand, airspace structures for potentially dangerous aerial activities need to be established in such a way that State 'Due Regard' obligation is strategically observed. On the other hand, sufficient controlled airspace should be established to encompass the flight paths of the traffic to which it is necessary to provide ATC.
1.5.2.2 ECAC States should endeavour to use the highest level of containment to define the protected airspace around the activities or for an ATS route, for the strategic delineation of airspace reservations or restrictions in close proximity of a RNAV or non-RNAV ATS route.
1.5.3 Definition of Tactical Rules
1.5.3.1 The establishment of a common boundary should always be complemented by tactical rules. These can be part of the national air law and/or take the form of LoAs between units involved. Such rules should be as flexible as possible taking into account the following :
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Efficient airspace design and operation ensuring no waste of airspace;
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Radar vectoring in achieving efficient use of airspace.
1.5.4 Illustrations of Tactical Rules (see Figures A, B and C)
Fig. A applies when a direct controller-to-controller co-ordination is maintained between ATS units involved and a full knowledge of radar-controlled aircraft operating inside the area provided to both controllers.
Procedures should be established providing for the application of prescribed separation minima from known ‘area’ traffic. This permits non-participating aircraft to safely operate closer to the published limits of a reserved/restricted airspace.
Fig. A
In some instances, when a direct controller-to-controller co-ordination cannot be maintained and/or information on radar-controlled aircraft operating inside the ‘TSA’ cannot be provided to both controllers, some States have prescribed that separation provision should be distributed equally on both sides of the common boundary as illustrated in
Fig. B.
Edition: 2.0 Released Issue Page 1-9
As illustrated in Fig. C, when the half of prescribed separation rule specified for Figure B cannot be used, a minimum distance should be applied from the published limits of an active area, including any additional buffer, where applicable.
Fig. C
1.5.5 Safety Assessment
1.5.5.1 When considering such tactical rules, Responsible Authorities should ensure that safety is assured in all circumstances through:
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the conduct of appropriate safety assessments;
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the definition, if required, of specific separation minima depending on the activities conducted in reserved/restricted airspace, with the addition of an adequate buffer;
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the implementation of robust LoAs between civil and military units involved; and
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