EUROCONTROL MANUAL FOR AIRSPACE PLANNING 1(18)

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1.2.2.7  However, the ECAC States have developed and implemented the Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) Concept within which, when a joint share use of airspace is no longer possible, ECAC States should endeavour to establish either a Temporary Reserved Area (TRA), Temporary Segregated Area (TSA) or an AMC-Manageable Danger or Restricted Area with associated Conditional Routes (CDRs).
1.2.2.8  This situation should occur whenever military aircraft manoeuvres are unpredictable, sensitive to external interference or difficult to alter without adversely affecting the mission and/or when due to the nature of their activities, some military flights need to be temporarily segregated to protect them as well as non-participating aircraft.

1.2.3  Airspace Restriction and Reservation
1.2.3.1  Because of the potential risk to GAT generated by some aerial activities and of the need for the protection of sensitive areas on the ground from possible disturbance by overflight, ECAC States have usually established Airspace Restrictions of varying degrees of severity in accordance with the following ICAO definitions:
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Danger Area (D) is an airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times;

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Restricted Area (R) is an airspace of defined dimensions, above the land area or territorial waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with specific conditions;

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Prohibited Area (P) is an airspace of defined dimensions, above the land area or territorial waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited.

1.2.3.2  In addition, because of some aerial activities by specific airspace users require the reservation of portions of the airspace for their exclusive use for specific periods of time, several ECAC States had established reserved-type airspace using sometimes quite different procedures.
1.2.3.3  However, ICAO Annex 11, paragraph 2.17.5, recommends that “in order to provide added airspace capacity and to improve efficiency and flexibility of aircraft operations, States should establish procedures providing for a flexible use of airspace reserved for military or other special activities. The procedures should permit all airspace users to have safe access to such reserved airspace”.
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1.2.3.4  As ICAO Doc 9426 provides only a generic definition for Airspace Reservation as “a defined volume of airspace normally under the jurisdiction of one aviation authority and temporarily reserved, by common agreement, for exclusive use by another aviation authority”, the FUA Concept  provides, for a common understanding, clear definitions of the two following different types of temporary airspace reservations taking into consideration the activity that would take place associated with the transit possibility (see Section 3):
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Temporary Reserved Area (TRA) is a defined volume of airspace normally under the jurisdiction of one aviation authority and temporarily reserved, by common agreement, for the specific use by another aviation authority and through which other traffic may be allowed to transit, under ATC clearance.

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Temporary Segregated Area (TSA) is a defined volume of airspace normally under the jurisdiction of one aviation authority and temporarily segregated, by common agreement, for the exclusive use by another aviation authority and through which other traffic will not be allowed to transit.

Note:  Pending results from consultation with ICAO on above definitions, the current TSA
definition is maintained i.e.:
“Temporary Segregated Area (TSA) is an airspace of defined dimensions within
which activities require the reservation of airspace for the exclusive use of specific
users during a determined period of time”.
　
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