Appendix
Turbojet Airplane Hard-landing Accidents and Incidents, 1996–2002 (continued)
Date Location Airplane Type Airplane Damage Injuries
March 8, 2001 St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada Boeing 757-200 minor 183 minor/none
The airplane was being flown through 200 feet during an ILS approach to Runway 11 in daytime VMC when it encountered moderate-to-severe turbulence and strong crosswinds. Sink rate increased rapidly at about 20 feet, and the airplane landed hard. Surface winds were reported from 010 degrees at 20 knots, gusting to 27 knots. A flight crew who had landed a B-727 had reported moderate turbulence on final approach. After a visual inspection disclosed no apparent discrepancies, the B-757 flight crew conducted a positioning flight to Halifax, Nova Scotia. A maintenance examination disclosed no discrepancies, and the airplane was flown on a charter flight to Cuba. During departure, the left-main landing gear did not retract, and the crew diverted the flight to Florida, U.S., where damage consistent with a hard landing was found.
March 23, 2001 Monrovia, Liberia Boeing 707-320C destroyed 182 minor/none
The flight crew conducted a nighttime ILS approach and encountered a shallow patch of fog just before touchdown.The pilot flying lost visual contact with the runway, and the airplane touched down hard and bounced.The airplane touched down again in a left-wing-low attitude, and the two left engines struck the runway and separated from the wing.The airplane came to a stop near the airport terminal building.
May 17, 2001 Bangkok,Thailand Airbus A300-620R minor NA
Surface winds were from 190 degrees at nine knots when the flight crew conducted an approach to Runway 21R in nighttime VMC. The first officer was the pilot flying. A higher-than-normal sink rate developed, and the airplane touched down hard and bounced. The captain took control of the airplane; during the recovery, a tail strike occurred. The landing was completed without further incident.
May 22, 2001 Yellowknife, Northwest Boeing 737-200C substantial 104 none Territories, Canada
During a visual approach to Runway 33 in daytime VMC with winds from 140 degrees at two knots, the airplane entered a higher-than-normal sink rate during the flare, and the first officer (the pilot flying) increased engine power and applied nose-up pitch control.The throttle position prevented the ground spoilers from deploying on touchdown.“The combination of power application, high sink rate and the lack of spoiler deployment resulted in the aircraft rebounding,” the report said.The captain took control of the airplane, reduced power and applied nose-down pitch control.The airplane touched down hard on the nose landing gear, and a nosewheel tire burst.The report said that the company’s operating manual said that “in the event of a bounced landing, the pilot flying should hold or re-establish normal landing attitude; add thrust as necessary to control the sink rate; do not push over, as this may cause a second bounce and possibly damage to the nose gear.”
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：Stabilized Approach And Flare Are Keys to Avoiding Hard Land(33)
