the flight crew descends below 5,000 feet above ground level (agl) with the inten-tion to conduct an approach and ends when the landing is complete or the flight
crew flies the aircraft above 5,000 feet agl
en route to another airport.
3. The accidents were reported by various sources to have involved hard landings or hard touchdowns by transport category, turbojet airplanes from 1996 through
2002.
4.
international Civil aviation organization (iCao). Accident/Incident Reporting Manual. appendix 4, Codes for Events and Phases.
5.
Wiley, Milton. Telephone interview
by lacagnina, Mark. alexandria, Virginia, u.S. July 16, 2004. Flight Safety Foundation, alexandria, Virginia, u.S.
6. Stonier, John; Transportation Safety
Board of Canada. Telephone inter-
view by lacagnina, Mark. alexandria, Virginia, u.S. July 16, 2004. Flight Safety Foundation, alexandria, Virginia, u.S.
7. Guilldou, Alain; chief of the Division of Information and Communication, Bureau d’Enquêtes et d’Analyses pour la Sécurité de L’Aviation Civile. E-mail communica-
tion with lacagnina, Mark. alexandria, Virginia, u.S. July 29, 2004. Flight Safety Foundation, alexandria, Virginia, u.S.
8. Peduzzi, Lauren; spokesperson for the
U.S. National Transportation Safety
Board (ntSB). telephone interview by lacagnina, Mark. alexandria, Virginia, u.S. June 23, 2004. Flight Safety Foundation, alexandria, Virginia, u.S.
9. Leborgne, Jacques. E-mail communica-
tion with lacagnina, Mark. alexandria, Virginia, u.S. July 30, 2004. Flight Safety Foundation, alexandria, Virginia. u.S.
10. hurt, hugh h. Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators. Washington, d.C., u.S.: naval air Systems Command, u.S. navy, 1960, revised 1965.
11.
Ibid.
12.
Joint aviation authorities. Joint aviation Requirements 25, Large Aeroplanes. Subpart C, Structure. Subpart D, Design and Construction.
13.
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration
(Faa). Federal aviation Regulations (FaRs) Part 25, Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes. Subpart C, Structure. Subpart D, Design and Construction.
14. Blake, Walter; elliot, Richard. “The last two Minutes.” Boeing Airliner (January– March 1991).
15. The Boeing Co. Boeing All Model FCTM (Flight Crew training Manual). draft, 2004.
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