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VW CABIN TEMP
W WHISKY
W WEIGHT
W WEST
W WHITE
W WIRE
WAF WRAP - AROUND FAILURES
WAI WING ANTI-ICE
WARN WARNING
WAYPOINT EN ROUTE NAVIGATION FIX
WB BLEED AIR FLOW
WBC WEIGHT AND BALANCE COMPUTER
Aircraft Systems - Abbreviations and Acronyms 49
Prof. Dr. Dieter Scholz fachhochschule hamburg FACHBEREICH FAHRZEUGTECHNIK UND FLUGZEUGBAU
WBS WEIGHT AND BALANCE SYSTEM
WD WARNING DISPLAY
WD WIND DIRECTION TRUE
WF WEIGHT FUEL
WFM WEIGHT OF FUEL METERED, FUEL MASS FLOW
WFQ TOTAL FUEL QUANTITY
WGD WINDSHIELD GUIDANCE DISPLAY
WHC WINDOW HEAT COMPUTER
WIPCU WATER ICE PROTECTION CONTROL UNIT
WL WATER LINE
WLDP WARNING LIGHT DISPLAY PANEL
WNDW WINDOW
WOW WEIGHT ON WHEELS (SIGNAL)
WP WAYPOINT
WPT WAYPOINT
WR WEATHER RADAR
WS WIND SPEED
WSHLD WINDSHIELD
WT WEIGHT
WTB WING TIP BRAKE
WX WEATHER MODE (ND)
WXR WEATHER RADAR
WXR WEATHER RADAR TRANSCEIVER
X X-RAY
X LONGITUDINAL REFERENCE AXIS
X TRANS
XARM CROSS ARM
XBAR CROSSBAR
XBLEED CROSS BLEED
XCEIVER TRANSCEIVER
XCF CROSS CHECK FAILURE
XCVR TRANSCEIVER
XDCR TRANSDUCER
XFEED CROSS FEED
XFER TRANSFER
XFMR TRANSFORMER
XFR TRANSFER
XLINE CROSS LINE
XLTR TRANSLATOR
XMITTER TRANSMITTER
XMSN TRANSMISSION
XMTR TRANSMITTER
XPDR TRANSPONDER
XPONDER TRANSPONDER
XREF CROSS REFERENCE
XTAL CRYSTAL
XTALK CROSS TALK
XTE CROSS TRACK ERROR
XTK CROSS TRACK
XTK CROSS TRACK DEVIATION
XTKE CROSS TRACK ERROR
XVALVE CROSS VALVE
Y YANKEE
Y / N YES / NO
Y HORIZONTAL REFERENCE AXIS
Y YELLOW
Y-ARM LATERAL ARM
50 Aircraft Systems - Abbreviations and Acronyms
Prof. Dr. Dieter Scholz fachhochschule hamburg FACHBEREICH FAHRZEUGTECHNIK UND FLUGZEUGBAU
YC ECONOMY CLASS, TOURIST CLASS
YCF ECONOMY CLASS FRONT
YCR ECONOMY CLASS REAR
YD YAW DAMPER
YEL YELLOW
YES YANKEE ESCAPE SYSTEM
Z ZULU
Z ALTITUDE
Z INTERIOR PANEL
Z TIME (UTC)
Z VERTICAL REFERENCE AXIS
Z ZONE
ZA PRESSURE ALTITUDE
ZAJB ZONE AUDIO JUNCTION BOX
Z-ARM VERTICAL ARM
ZC ZONE CONTROLLER
ZCB CABIN ALTITUDE
ZD ZENER DIODE
ZFCG ZERO FUEL CENTER OF GRAVITY
ZFW ZERO FUEL WEIGHT
ZLD LANDING ELEVATION
ZOTC ZONE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
ZP PRESSURE ALTITUDE
ZPI INDICATED PRESSURE ALTITUDE
ZULU ZULU TIME = UTC
Aircraft Accident Investigation
Introduction to Aircraft Accident Investigation Procedures
Editor: Curt Lewis PE, CSP
Table of Contents
PART I: INTRODUCTION TO ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION 3
Regulations and Investigative Organizations 4
The National Transportation Safety Board 5
PART II: THE FIELD INVESTIGATION 10
Pre-Accident Planning and Personal Safety 11
Initial Actions 12
Accident Diagrams 13
Accident Photography 14
Fire Investigations 15
Structural Investigations 16
Aircraft Systems 17
Reciprocating Engines 18
Propellers 19
Turbine Engines 19
Instrument Investigation 19
Records 20
Witness Interviewing 20
PART III: ACCIDENT INFORMATION 22
Mid-Airs and Runway Incursions 23
Recording Equipment 24
Sound Spectrum Analysis 24
Human Factors 26
System Safety 29
PART I: INTRODUCTION TO ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
Lesson 1: Regulations and Investigative Organizations
Lesson 2: The National Transportation Safety Board
Aircraft Accident Investigation
Aircraft Accident Investigation 4
REGULATIONS AND INVESTIGATIVE
ORGANIZATIONS
Introduction:
There are several reasons why people investigate aircraft
accidents. These include:
• Corrective actions
• Punishment
• Compensation
Whatever the reason, all aircraft accident investigations
should attempt the following questions:
• What happened?
• Why did this accident happen?
• What can be done to prevent this accident from
occurring again in the future?
Definitions:
Aircraft Accident: An occurrence associated with the
operation of an aircraft which takes place between the
time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of
flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked,
in which:
• a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of
direct contact with the aircraft or its jet blast
• the aircraft sustains substantial damage the aircraft
is missing or completely inaccessible
Aircraft Incident: an occurrence other than an accident,
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