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Volume I
Eye-to-wheel height of aeroplane
in the approach configurationa
Desired wheel clearance Minimum wheel clearance
m metre^)^" (metresld
(1) (2) (3)
up to but not including 3 m 6 3e
3 m up to but not including 5 m 9 4
5 m up to but riot including 8 m 9 5
8 m up to but not including 14 m 9 6
a. In selecting the eye-to-wheel height group, only aeroplanes meant to use the system on a regular basis shall be considered. The most
demanding amongst such aeroplanes shall determine the eye-to-wheel height group.
b. Where practicable the desired wheel clearances shown in column (2) shall be provided.
c. The wheel clearances in column (2) may be reduced to no less than those in column (3) where an aeronautical study indicates that such
reduced wheel clearances are acceptable.
d. When a reduced wheel clearance is provided at a displaced threshold it shall be ensured that the corresponding desired wheel clearance
specified in.column (2) will beavailable when an aeroplane at the top end of the eye-to-wheel height group chosen overflies the extremity
of the runway.
e. This wheel clearance may be reduced to 1.5 m on runways used mainly by light-weigh1 non-turbo-jet aeroplanes.
Table 5-3. Dimensions and slopes of the obstacle protection surface
Runway type/code number
Surface dimensions
Non-instrument
Code number
1 2 3 4
Instrument
Code nnmber
1 2 3 4
Length of inner edge 60m 80ma 150m 150m 150m 150m 300m 300m
Distance fiom threshold 30 m 60 m 60 m 60 m 60m 60m 60m 60m
Divergence (each side) 10% 10% 10% 10% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Total length 7 500m 7 500mb 15 000m 15000m 7500m 7500mb 15000m 15000m
Slope
a) T-VASIS and
AT-VASIS -c 1.9" 1. ?" 1. go
a. This length is to be increased to IS0 m for a T-VASIS or AT-VASIS.
b. This length is to be increased to IS 000 m for a T-VASIS or AT-VASIS.
c. No slope has been specified if a system is unlikely to be used on mway typetcode number indicated
d. Angles as indicated in Figure 5-19.
Chapter 5 Annex 14 -Aerodromes
A
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Obstacle protection surface
(Dimensions as in Table 5-3)
Approach surface inner ed
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Threshold
f '2 Approach surface inner edge
Section A-A
Figure 5-20. Obstacle protection surface for visual
approach slope indicator systems
c) displace the axis of the system and its associated obstacle
protection surface by no more than So;
d) suitably displace the threshold; &d
5.3.6 Circling guidance lights
Application
e) where d) is found to be impracticable, suitably displace
the system upwind of the threshold to provide an increase 5.3.6.1 Recommendation.- Circling guidance lights
in threshold crossing height equal to the height of the should be provided when existing approach and runway
object penetration. lighting systems do not satisfactorily permit identification of
the runway antt/or approach area to a circling aircraft in the
Note.- Guidance on this issue is contained in the conditions for which it is intended the runway be used for
Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4. circling approaches.
Annex 14 -Aerodromes Volume I
Location Location
5.3.6.2 Recommendation.- The location and number of
circling guidance lights should be adequate to enable a pilot,
as appropriate, to:
a) join the downwind leg or align and a4ust the aircrafi's
track to the runway at a required distance from it and to
distinguish the threshold in passing; and
b) keep in sight the runway threshold antt/or other features
which will make it possible to judge the turn on to base
leg andfinal approach, taking into account the guidance
provided by other visual aids:
5.3.6.3 Recommendation.- Circling guidance lights
should consist o j
a) lights indicating the extended centre line of the runway
antt/or parts of any approach lighting system; or
b) lights indicating the position of the runway threshold; or
c) lights indicating the direction or location of the runway;
or a combination of such lights as is appropriate to the
runway under consideration.
Note.- Guidance on installation of circling guidance lights
is given in the Aerodrome Design Mbual, Part 4.
Characteristics
5.3.6.4 Recommendation.- Circling guidance lights
should be faed or jlashing lights of an intensity and beam
spread adequate for the conditions of visibility and ambient
light in which it is intended to make visual circling
approaches. The jlashing lights should be white, and the
steady lights either white or gaseous discharge lights.
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