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CIE Equations (see Figure Al-1):
a) Red
Purple boundary y = 0.980 - x
Yellow boundary y = 0.335
b) Yellow
Red boundary y = 0.382
White boundary y = 0.790 - 0.667~
Green boundary y = x -0.120
d) Blue
Green boundary y = 0.805~+ 0.065
White boundary y = 0.400 - x
Purple boundary x = 0.600~+ 0.133
e) White
Yellow boundary x = 0.500
Blue boundary x = 0.285
Green boundary y = 0.440
and y = 0.1 50 + 0.640~
Purple boundary ' y = 0.050 + 0.750~
and y = 0.382
f ) Variable white
Yellow boundary x = 0.255 + 0.750~
and x = 1.185 - 1.500 y
Blue boundary x = 0.285
Green boundary y = 0.440
and y = 0.150 + 0.640~
Purple boundary y = 0.050 + 0.750~
and y = 0.382
Note.- Guidance on chromaticity changes resulting from
the effect of temperature on filtering elements is given in the
Aerodrome Design Manual, Pari 4.
2.1.2 Recommendation.- Where dimming is not
required, or where observers with defective colour vision must
be able to determine We colour of the light, green signals
should be within the following boundaries:
Yellow boundary y = 0.726 - 0.726~
White boundary x = 0.650~
Blue boundary y = 0.390 - 0.1 71x
2.1.3 Recommendation.- Where increased certainty of
recognition is more important than maximum visual range,
green signals should be within the following boundaries:
Yellow boundary y = 0.726 - 0.726~
White boundary x = 0.625~- 0.041
Blue boundary y = 0.390 - 0.1 71x
c) Green
Yellow boundary x = 0.360 - 0.080~
White boundary x = 0.650~
Blue boundary y = 0.390- 0.171~ See CIE Publication No. 15, Colorimetry (1971).
ANNEX 14 - VOLUME I APP 1-1 2511 1/04
Annex 14 -Aerodromes Volume I
2.2 Discrimination between lights
2.2.1 Recommendation.- I f there is a requirement to
discriminate yellow and whitefrom each other, they should be
displayed in close proximity of time or space as, for example,
by being flashed successively from the same beacon.
2.2.2 Recommendation.- If there is a requirement to
discriminate yellow from green anrtlor white, as for example
on exit taxiway centre line lights, they coordinates of the
yellow light should not exceed a value of 0.40.
Note.- The limits of white have been based on the
assumption that they will be used in situations in which the
characteristics (colour temperature) of the light source will be
substantially constant.
2.2.3. Recommendation.- The colour variable white is
intended to be used only for lights that are to be varied in
intensity, e.g. to avoid dazzling. If this colour is to be
discriminated fiom yellow, the lights should be so designed
and operated that:
a) the x coordinate of the yellow is at least 0.050 greater
than the x coordinate of the white; and
b) the disposition of the lights will be such that the yellow
lights are displayed simultaneously and in close
proximity to the white ligh&.
2.2.4 The colour of aeronautical ground lights shall be
verified as being within the boundaries specified in
Figure Al-1 by measurement at five points within the area
limited by the innermost isocandela curve (isocandela
diagrams in Appendix 2 refer), with operation at rated
current or voltage.. In the case of elliptical or circular
isocandela curves, the colour measurements shall be taken at
the centre and at the horizontal and vertical limits. In the case
of rectangular isocandela curves, the colour measurements
shall be taken at the centre and the limits of,the diagonals
(comers). In addition, the colour of the light shall be checked
at the outermost isocandela curve to ensure that there is no
colour shift-that might cause signal confusion to the pilot.
Note 1 .- For the outermost isocandela curve. a measurement
of colour coordinates should be made and recorded for
review and judgement of acceptability by the appropriate
authority.
Note 2.- Certain light units may have application so that
they may be viewed and used by pilots from directions beyond
that of the outermost isocandela curve (e.g. stop bar lights at
significantly wide runway-holding positions). In such
instances, the appropriate authority should assess the actual
application and if necessary require a check of colour shift at
angular ranges beyond the outermost curve.
2.2.5 In the case of visual approach slope indicators and
other light units having a colour transition sector, the colour
shall be measured at points in accordance with 2.2.4, except
that the colour areas shall be treated separately and no point
shall be within 0.5 degrees of the transition sector.
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