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5.1.4 Signal panels and signal area
Note.- The inclusion of detailed specifications for a signal
area in this section is not intended to imply that one has to be
provided. Attachment A. Section 15 provides guidance on the
need to provide ground signals. Annex 2, Appendix I specifies
the shape, colour and use of visual ground signals. The
Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4 provides guidance on their
design.
Locotion of signal area
5.1.4.1 Recommendation.- The signal area should be
located so as to be visible for all angles of azimuth above an
angle of lo0 above the horizontal when viewedfiom a height
of 300 m.
Characteristics of signal area
5.1.4.2 The signal area shall be an even horizontal surface
at least 9 m square.
5.1.4.3 Recommendation.- The colour of the signal
area should be chosen to contrast with the colours of the
signal panek used, and it should be surrounded by a white
border not less than 0.3 m wide.
5.2 Markings
5.2.1 General
Interruption of runway markings
5.2.1.1 At an intersection of two (or more) runways the
markings of the more important runway, except for the runway
side stripe marking, shall be displayed and the markings of the
other runway(s) shall be interrupted. The runway side stripe
marking of the more important nmway may be either
continued across the intersection or interrupted.
5.2.1.2 Recommendation.- The order of importance of
runways for the display of runway markings should be as
follows:
1st - precision approach runway;
2nd - non-precision approach runway; and
3rd - non-instrument runway.
5.2.1.3 At an intersection of a runway and taxiway the
markings of the runway shall be displayed and the markings of
the taxiway interrupted, except that runway side stripe
markings may be interrupted.
Note.- See 5.2.8.5 regarding the manner of connecting
runway and taxiway centre line markings.
Colour and conspicuity
5.2.1.4 Runway markings shall be white.
Note 1.- It has been found that, on rumvay su$aces of
Iight colour, the conspicuity of white markings can be
improved by outlining them in black.
Note 2.- It is preferable that the risk of uneven fiietion
characteristics on markings be reduced in so far as practicable
by the we of a suitable kind of paint.
Note 3.- Manhngs may consr3t of solid areas or a series
of longitudinal stripes providing an @ect equivalent to the
solid areas.
5.2.1.5 Taxiway markings, &way turn pad markings and
aircraft stand markings shall be yellow.
5.2.1.6 Apron safety lines shall be of a conspicuous
colour which shall contrast with that used for aircraft stand
markings.
5.2.1.7 Recommendation.- At aerudmmes where
operations take place at night, pavement markings should be
made with reflective materials designed to enhance the
visibility of the markings.
Note.- Guidance on reflective materials. is given in the
Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4.
Chapter 5 Annex I4 -Aerodromes
5.2.1.1 Recommendation.- An unpaved taxiwuy should
be provided, so fur QS pmcticcahle, with the markings
prescrihedjbr paved taxiwqvs.
5.2.2 Runway designation marking
5.2.2.1 A runway designation marking shall be provided
at the thresholds of a paved runway.
5.2.2.2 Recommendation-- A runway designation
md-ing should be provided, so fur as pructicable. ut the
fhrmshol& of an unpaved runwuy.
5.2.2.3 A runway designation marking shall IE located at
a threshold as shown in Figure 5-2 as appropriate.
. Parallel n
Note.- I/ the runway threshold is displaced f i r n the
exrremiry of the runway, a s&n showing the designarlon of the
mwoy m y he providedfor aeroplanes taking ofl
5.2.2.4 A runway designation marking shall consist of a
two-digit number and on parallel runways shall be supplemented
with a letter. On a single runway, dual prdlel
runways and trsple parallel runways the two-digit number shall
lx the whole number nearest the one-tenth of the magnetic
North when viewed fmm the diredion of approach. On four or
more paraIlel runways. one set of adjacent runways shall be
numbered to the nearest one-tenth magnehc azimuth and the
other set of adjacent runways numbered to the next nearest
one-tenth of the magnetic azimuth. When the above rule would
give a single digit number, it shall be preceded by a zero.
5.2.2.5 In the case of parallel runways, each runway
designation number ha11 be supplemented by a letter as
follows, in the order shown from lefi to right when viewed
from the d~rection of approach:
- - - - -- -- - - - -IC'-.,CC' -I- .Imdsion
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