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2. Toein 4.5 degrees
3. For yellow light, multiply values by 0.40.
4. See collective notes for Figures A2-1 to A2-11.
Figure A2-10. Isocandela diagram for runway edge llghl where width of runway is 60 m (white light)
D m
vertical
Annex 14 - Aeroclromes
Figure A2-11. Grid points to be used for the calculation of average
intensity of approach and runway lights
1. The ellipses in each figure are symmetrical about the common vertical and horizontal axes.
2. Figures A2-1 to A2-10 show the minimum allowable light intensities. The a v m g intensity of the main beam is calculated
by establishing grid points as shown in Figure A2- l 1 and using rhe intensity values measures at all grid points located within and
on the perimeter of the ellipse representing the main beam. The average value is the arithmetic average of light intensities measured
at all consided grid points.
3. No deviations are acceptable in the main beam pttem when Ihe lighung fixture is properly aimed.
4. Avenge intensity ratio. The ratio between the average intensity within the ellipse defining the main beam of a typical new
light and the average light intensity of the main beam of a new runway edge light &all be as follows:
Figure A2- I Approach cenm line and crossbars
Figure A2-2 Approach side row
Figure A2-3 Threshold
Hgum A2-4 Threshold wing bar
Figure A2-5 Touchdown zone
Figure A26 Runway centre line (longitudinal spacing 30 m)
Figure A2-7 Runway cenm line (longitudinal spacing 15 rn)
Figure A2-8 Runway end
Figure A2-9 Runway edge (45 m runway width)
Figure AZ-lO Runway edge (60 m runway width)
1.5 to 2.0 (white light)
0.5 to I .O (M light)
1.0 to 1.5 (green light)
1.0 to 1.5 (green light)
0.5 to I .O (white light)
0.5 to 1.0 (white light)
0.5 to 1.0 for CAT 111
(white light)
0.25 to 0.5 for CAT I. I1
(white light)
0.25 to 0.5 (red light)
1.0 (white light)
1 .Cl (white light)
5. The beam coverages in the figures provide the necessary guidance for approaches down to an RVR of the order of 150 m
and take-offs down to an RVR of the order of 100 m.
6. Horizontal anglcs are measured with respect to the vertical plilne through the runway centre line. For lights other than centre
line lights. the direction towards the runway centre line is considered positive. Vertical angles are measured with respect to the
horizontal plane.
7. Where, fa approach centre line lighls and crossbars and for appmach side row lights. inset lights are used in lieu of elevated
lights. e.g. on a runway with a displaced threshold. the intensity requirements can be met by installing two or three fittings (lower
intensity) at each position.
8. The importance of adequate maintenance cannot be over-emphasized. 'Ihe average intensity should never fall to a value less
than 50 per cent of the value shown in the figures and il should be the aim of airprt authorities to maintain a level of light output
close to the specified minimum average intensity.
9. The light unit hall be installed so that the main beam is aligned within one-half degree of the specified requirement,
APP 2-12
Appendix 2
-20 -16 - 10 -5 0 5 10
Degrees
20 I( horizontal
Notes:
1. These beam cowrages allow for displacement of the cockpit from the centre line up to distances
of the order of 12 m and are intended for use before and after curves.
2. See collective notes for Figures A2-12 to A2-21.
3. Increased intensities for enhanced rapid exit taxiway centre line lights as recommended in 5.3.16.9
are four times the respective intensities in the fpure (i.e. 800 cd for minimum avwage main beam).
Figure A2-12. Isocandela diagram for taxiway centre line (15 m spacing)
and stop bar lights in straight sections intended for use
in runway visual range conditions of less than a value of 350 m
where large offsets can occur and for low-intensity runway guard lights. Configuration B
APP 2-13
Degrees
vertical
.5 10
-+ Degrees
horizontal
Notes:
1. These beam coverages are generally satisfactory and cater for a normal displacement of the
cockpit from the centre line of approximately 3 m.
2. See collective notes for Figures A2-12 to A2-21.
Figure A2- 13. lsocandela diagram for taxiway centre line ( 15 m spacing) and
stop bar lights in smight sections intended for use in
runway visual range conditions of less than a value of 350 m
APP 2-14
Annex 14 - Acrdmmes
-2125 -19.25 -15 - 10 - 5 0 5 10 15 19.25 2-1+25 Degrees
x horizontal
Notes:
1. Lights on wwes to be toed-in 15.75 degrees with respect to the tangent of the curve.
2. See collective notes for Figures A2-12 to A2-21.
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