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parallel or near-parallel instrument runways in which one
runway is used exclusively for approaches and the other
runway is used exclusively for departures.
Shoulder. An area adjacent to the edge of a pavement so
prepared as to provide a transition between the pavement
and the adjacent surface.
Sign.
a) Fixed message sign. A sign presenting only one message.
b) Variable message sign. A sign capable of presenting several
pre-determined messages or no message, as applicable.
Signal area. An area on an aerodrome used for the display of
ground signals.
Slush. Water-saturated snow which with a heel-and-toe slapdown
motion against the ground will be displaced with a
splatter; specific gravity: 0.5 up to 0.8.
Note.- Combinations of ice, snow andor standing water
may, especially when rain, rain and snow, or snow is falling,
produce substances with specific gravities in excess of 0.8.
These substances, due to their high water/ice content, will
have a transparent rather than a cloudy appearance and, at
the higher specific gravities, will be readily distinguishable
from slush.
Snow (on the ground).
a) Dry snow. Snow which can be blown if loose or, if
compacted by hand, will fall apart again upon release;
specific gravity: up to but not including 0.35.
b) Wet snow. Snow which, if compacted by hand, will stick
together and tend to or form a snowball; specific
gravity: 0.35 up to but not including 0.5.
c) Compacted snow., Snow which has been compressed
into a solid mass that resists further compression and
will hold together or break up into lumps if picked up;
specific gravity: 0.5 and over.
Station declination. An alignment variation between the zero
degree radial of a VOR and true north, determined at the
time the VOR station is calibrated.
Stopway. A defined rectangular area on the ground at the end
of take-off run available prepared as a suitable area in which
an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned
take off.
Switch-over time (light). The time required for the actual
intensity of a light measured in a given direction to fall
from 50 per cent and recover to 50 per cent during a power
supply changeover, when the light is being operated at
intensities of 25 per cent or above.
Take-off runway. A runway intended for take-off only.
Taxiway. A defined path on a land aerodrome established
forthe taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a
link between one part of the aerodrome and another,
including:
Annex 14 -Aerodromes Volume I
a) Aircrafi stand taxilane. A portion of an apron designated
as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft
stands only.
b) Apron taxiway. A portion of a taxiway system located
on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi route
across the apron.
c) Rapid exit taxiway. A taxiway connected to a runway at
an acute angle and designed to allow landing aeroplanes
to turn off at higher speeds than are achieved on other
exit taxiways thereby minimizing runway occupancy
times.
Tariway intersection. A junction of two or more taxiways.
Tariway ship. An area including a taxiway intended to protect
an aircraft operating on the taxiway and to reduce the risk
of damage to an aircraft accidentally running off the
taxiway.
Tirreshold The beginning of that portion of the runway usable
for landing.
Touchdown zone. The portion of a runway, beyond the
threshold, where it is intended landing aeroplanes first
contact the runway.
Usability factor. The percentage of time during which the use
of a runway or system of runways is not restricted because
of the cross-wind component.
Note.- Cross-wind component means the sugace wind
component at right angles to the runway centre line.
1.2 Applicability
1.2.1 The interpretation of some of the specifications in
the Annex expressly requires the exercising of discretion, the
taking of a decision or the performance of a function by the
appropriate authority. In other specifications, the expression
appropriate authority does not actually appear although its
inclusion is implied. In both cases, the responsibility for whatever
determination or action is necessary shall rest with the
State having jurisdiction over the aerodrome.
1.2.2 The specifications, unless otherwise indicated in a
particular context, shall apply to all aerodromes open to public
use in accordance with the requirements of Article 15 of the
Convention. The specifications of Annex 14, Volume I,
Chapter 3 shall apply only to land aerodromes. The specifications
in this volume shall apply, where appropriate, to
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