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of 400 m, there will be some degradation in the pe$ormance
of signs.
Runway code
number
1 or2
3 or 4
5. The luminance ratio between red and white elements of
a mandatory sign shall be between 1 :5 and 1 : 10.
6. The average luminance of the sign is calculated by
Note.- Where a taxiway location sign is installed in establishing grid points as shown in Figure A4-1 and using the
conjunction with a runway designation sign (see 5.4.3.22), the luminance values measured at all grid points located the
character size shall be that specified for mandatory instruction rectangle representing the sign.
signs.
Minimum character height
2. Arrow dimensions shall be as follows:
Mandatory
instruction
sign
300 mm
400 mm
Legend height Stroke
Information sign
Runway exit
and runway
vacated signs Other signs
300 mm 200 mm
400 mm 300 mm
3. Stroke width for single letter shall be as follows:
Legend height Stroke
4. Sign luminance shall be as follows:
a) Where operations are conducted in runway visual range
conditions less than a value of 800 m, average sign
luminance shall be at least:
Red 30 cd/m2
Yellow 150 cd/m2
White 300 cd/m2
7. The average value is the arithmetic average of the
luminance values measured at all considered grid points.
Note.- Guidance on measuring the average luminance of
a sign is contained in the Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4.
8. The ratio between luminance values of adjacent grid
points shall not exceed 1.5: 1. For areas on the sign face where
the grid spacing is 7.5 cm, the ratio between luminance values
of adjacent grid points shall not exceed 1.25:l. The ratio
between the maximum and minimum luminance value over the
whole sign face shall not exceed 5: 1.
9. The forms of characters, i.e. letters, numbers, arrows
and symbols, shall conform to those shown in Figure A4-2.
The width of characters and the space between individual
characters shall be determined as indicated in Table A4-1.
10. The face height of signs shall be as follows:
Legend height Face height (min)
ANNEX 14 - VOLUME I APP 4-1
Annex 14 -Aerodromes
11. The face width of signs shall be determined using
Figure A4-3 except that, where a mandatory instruction sign is
provided on one side of a taxiway only, the face width shall
not be less than:
a) 1.94 m where the code number is 3 or 4; and
b) 1.46 m where the code number is 1 or 2.
Note.- Additional guidance on determining the face width
of a sign is contained in the Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4.
Volume I
12. Borders
a) The black vertical delineator between adjacent direction
signs should have a width of approximately 0.7 of the
stroke width.
b) The yellow border on a stand-alone location sign should
be approximately 0.5 stroke width.
13. The colours of signs shall be in accordance with the
appropriate specifications in Appendix 1.
APP 4-2
Appendix 4 Annex 14 - Aerodromes
Note I.- The average luminance of a sign is calculated by establishing gridpoints on a sign face showing typical inscriptions
and a background of the appropriate colour (red for mandatory instruction signs and yellow for direction and destination signs)
as follows:
a) Starting at the top left corner of the sign face, establish a reference grid point at 7.5 cm from the lefi edge and the top of the
sign face.
b) Create a grid of 15 cm spacing horizontally and verticallyfim the reference grid point. Grid points within 7.5 cm of the
edge of the sign face shall be excluded.
c) Where the last point in a mw/column of grid points is located between 22.5 cm and 15 cm from the edge of the sign face
(but not inclusive), an additional point shall be added 7.5 cm from this point.
d) Where a grid point falls on the boundary of a character and the background, the grid point shall be slightly shifted to be
completely outside the character.
Note 2.- Additional grid points may be required to ensure that each character includes at leastfive evenly spaced grid points.
Note 3.- Where one unit includes two types of signs, a separate grid shall be established for each type.
Figure A4-1. Grid points for calculating average luminance
of a sign
APP 4-3
Annex 14 - Aerodromes Volume I
Figure A4-2. Forms of characters
APP 4-4
APP 4-5
Annex 14 -Aerodromes Volume I
Figure A4-2. (cont.)
APP 4-6
Appendix 4 Annex 14 -Aerodromes
Figure A4-2. (cont.)
APP 4-7
Annex 14 - Aerodromes Volume I
Figure A4-2. (cont.)
APP 4-8
Appendix 4 Annex 14 - Aerodromes
Runway vacated sign
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