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edge of the approach surface may be below the corresponding
elevation of the strip. It is not intended that the strip be graded
to conform with the inner edge of the approach surface, nor is
it intended that terrain or objects which are above the approach
surface beyond the end of the strip, but below the level of the
strip, be removed unless it is considered they may endanger
aeroplanes.
Runways meant for take-off
4.2.22 The following obstacle limitation surface shall be
established for a runway meant for take-off:
- take-off climb surface.
4.2.23 The dimensions of the surface shall be not less than
the dimensions specified in Table 4-2, except that a lesser length
may be adopted for the take-off climb surface where such lesser
length would be consistent with procedural measures adopted to
govern the outward flight of aeroplanes.
4.2.24 Recommendation.- The operational characteristics
of aeroplanes for which the runway is intended should be
examined to see ifit b desirable to reduce the slope specifed in
Table 4-2 when critical operating conditions are to be catered
to. ifthe specified slope is reduced, corresponding adjustment
in the length of take-offclimb surface should be made so as to
provide protection to a height of 300 m.
Note.- When local conditions dzffer widely ji-om sea level
standard atmospheric conditions, it may be advisable for the
slope specified in Table 4-2 to be reduced. The degree of this
reduction depenh on the divergence between local conditions
and sea level standard atmospheric conditions, and on the
performance characteristics and operational requirements of
the aeroplanes for which the runway is intended.
4.2.25 New objects or extensions of existing objects shall
not be permitted above a take-off climb surface except when, in
the opinion of the appropriate authority, the new object or
extension would be shielded by an existing immovable object.
Note.- Circumstances in which the shieldingprinciple may
reasonably be applied are described in the Airport Services
Manual, Part 6.
4.2.26 Recommendation.-ifno object reaches the 2per
cent (1:50) take-offclimb surface, new objects should be limited
to preserve the existing obstacleji-ee surface or a surface down
to a slope of l.6per cent (1:62.5).
Table 4-2. Dimensions and slopes of obstacle limitation surfaces
RUNWAYS MEANT FOR TAKE-OFF
Code number
Surface and dimensionsa 1 2 3 or4
(1 (2) (3) (4)
Length of inner edge 60 m 80 m 180 m
Distance from runway endb 30m . 60 m 60 m
Divergence (each side) 10% 10% 12.5%
Final width 380 m 580 m 1 200 m
1 800 me
Slope 5% 4% 2%*
a. All dimensions are measured horizontally unless specified othenvise.
b. The take-off climb surface starts at the end of the cleanvay if the cleanvay length exceeds the specified distance.
c. 1 800 m when the intended track includes changes of heading greater than IS0 for operations conducted in IMC, VMC
by night.
d. See 4.2.24 and 4.2.26.
Chapter 4 Annex I4 - Aerodromes
4.2.27 Recommendation.- Existing objects that extend
above a take-offclimb surface should as far as practicable be
removed except when, in the opinion of the appropriate
authority, an object is shielded by an existing immovable object,
or afier aeronautical study it is determined that the object would
not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the
regularity of operations of aeroplanes.
Note.- Because of transverse slopes on a strip or clearway,
in certain cases portions of the inner edge of the take-off climb
surface may be below the corresponding elevation of the strip
or clearway. It is not intended that the strip or clearway be
graded to conform with the inner edge of the take-off climb
surface, nor is it intended that terrain or objects which are
above the take-off climb surface beyond the end of the strip or
clearway, but below the level of the strip or clearway, be
removed unless it is considered they may endanger aeroplanes.
Similar considerations apply at the junction of a clearway and
strip where drfferences in transverse slopes exist.
4.3 Objects outside the obstacle limitation surfaces
4.3.1 Recommendation.- Arrangements should be made
to enable the appropriate authority to be consulted concerning
proposed construction beyond the limits of the obstacle
limitation surfaces that extend above a height established by
that authority, in order to permit an aeronautical study of the
effect of such construction on the operation of aeroplanes.
4.3.2 Recommendation.-In areas beyond the limits of the
obstacle limitation surfaces, at least those objects which extend to
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