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SECURING FAILED ENGINE
Mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IDLE CUT OFF
Magnetos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF
Alternator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF
Cowl Flap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CLOSE
Boost Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OFF
Fuel Selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF
Prop Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF
Electrical Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reduce
Crossfeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consider
Ch 12.qxd 5/7/04 9:55 AM Page 12-21
12-22
mixture may help. If fuel vapor formation is suspected,
fuel boost pump operation may be used to eliminate
flow and pressure fluctuations.
Although it is a natural desire among pilots to save an
ailing engine with a precautionary shutdown, the
engine should be left running if there is any doubt as to
needing it for further safe flight. Catastrophic failure
accompanied by heavy vibration, smoke, blistering
paint, or large trails of oil, on the other hand, indicate
a critical situation. The affected engine should be
feathered and the “securing failed engine” checklist
completed. The pilot should divert to the nearest suitable
airport and declare an emergency with ATC for
priority handling.
Fuel crossfeed is a method of getting fuel from a tank
on one side of the airplane to an operating engine on
the other. Crossfeed is used for extended single-engine
operation. If a suitable airport is close at hand, there is
no need to consider crossfeed. If prolonged flight on a
single-engine is inevitable due to airport non-availability,
then crossfeed allows use of fuel that would
otherwise be unavailable to the operating engine. It
also permits the pilot to balance the fuel consumption
to avoid an out-of-balance wing heaviness.
AFM/POH procedures for crossfeed vary widely.
Thorough fuel system knowledge is essential if crossfeed
is to be conducted. Fuel selector positions and fuel
boost pump usage for crossfeed differ greatly among
multiengine airplanes. Prior to landing, crossfeed
should be terminated and the operating engine returned
to its main tank fuel supply.
If the airplane is above its single-engine absolute
ceiling at the time of engine failure, it will slowly
lose altitude. The pilot should maintain VYSE to minimize
the rate of altitude loss. This “drift down” rate
will be greatest immediately following the failure
and will decrease as the single-engine ceiling is
approached. Due to performance variations caused
by engine and propeller wear, turbulence, and pilot
technique, the airplane may not maintain altitude
even at its published single-engine ceiling. Any further
rate of sink, however, would likely be modest.
An engine failure in a descent or other low power
setting can be deceiving. The dramatic yaw and performance
loss will be absent. At very low power
settings, the pilot may not even be aware of a failure.
If a failure is suspected, the pilot should advance both
engine mixtures, propellers, and throttles significantly,
to the takeoff settings if necessary, to correctly identify
the failed engine. The power on the operative engine
can always be reduced later.
ENGINE INOPERATIVE APPROACH
AND LANDING
The approach and landing with one engine inoperative
is essentially the same as a two-engine approach and
landing. The traffic pattern should be flown at similar
altitudes, airspeeds, and key positions as a two-engine
approach. The differences will be the reduced power
available and the fact that the remaining thrust is
asymmetrical. A higher-than-normal power setting
will be necessary on the operative engine.
With adequate airspeed and performance, the landing
gear can still be extended on the downwind leg. In
which case it should be confirmed DOWN no later
than abeam the intended point of landing. Performance
permitting, initial extension of wing flaps (10°, typically)
and a descent from pattern altitude can also be
initiated on the downwind leg. The airspeed should be
no slower than VYSE. The direction of the traffic pattern,
and therefore the turns, is of no consequence as
far as airplane controllability and performance are
concerned. It is perfectly acceptable to make turns
toward the failed engine.
On the base leg, if performance is adequate, the flaps
may be extended to an intermediate setting (25°, typically).
If the performance is inadequate, as measured
by a decay in airspeed or high sink rate, delay further
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