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VS1—Stalling speed or the minimum
steady flight speed obtained in a
specified configuration. For most
airplanes, this is the power-off stall
speed at the maximum takeoff weight
in the clean configuration (gear up, if
retractable, and flaps up). The lower
limit of the green arc.
VSSE—Safe, intentional one-engine
inoperative speed. The minimum
speed to intentionally render the
critical engine inoperative.
V-TAIL—A design which utilizes
two slanted tail surfaces to perform
equal to the mass of the body times
the local value of gravitational
acceleration. One of the four main
forces acting on an aircraft.
Equivalent to the actual weight of the
aircraft. It acts downward through the
aircraft’s center of gravity toward the
center of the Earth. Weight opposes
lift.
WEIGHT AND BALANCE—The
aircraft is said to be in weight and
balance when the gross weight of the
aircraft is under the max gross weight,
and the center of gravity is within
limits and will remain in limits for the
duration of the flight.
WHEELBARROWING—
A condition caused when forward
yoke or stick pressure during takeoff
or landing causes the aircraft to ride
on the nosewheel alone.
WIND CORRECTION ANGLE—
Correction applied to the course to
establish a heading so that track will
coincide with course.
WIND
DIRECTION INDICATORS—
Indicators that include a wind sock,
wind tee, or tetrahedron. Visual
reference will determine wind
direction and runway in use.
WIND SHEAR—A sudden, drastic
shift in windspeed, direction, or both
that may occur in the horizontal or
vertical plane.
WINDMILLING—When the air
moving through a propeller creates
the rotational energy.
WINDSOCK—A truncated cloth
cone open at both ends and mounted
on a freewheeling pivot that indicates
the direction from which the wind is
blowing.
WING—Airfoil attached to each side
of the fuselage and are the main
lifting surfaces that support the
airplane in flight.
the same functions as the surfaces of a
conventional elevator and rudder
configuration. The fixed surfaces act
as both horizontal and vertical
stabilizers.
VX—Best angle-of-climb speed. The
airspeed at which an airplane gains the
greatest amount of altitude in a given
distance. It is used during a short-field
takeoff to clear an obstacle.
VXSE—Best angle of climb speed with
one engine inoperative. The airspeed
at which an airplane gains the greatest
amount of altitude in a given distance
in a light, twin-engine airplane
following an engine failure.
VY—Best rate-of-climb speed. This
airspeed provides the most altitude
gain in a given period of time.
VYSE—Best rate-of-climb speed with
one engine inoperative. This airspeed
provides the most altitude gain in a
given period of time in a light, twinengine
airplane following an engine
failure.
WAKE TURBULENCE—Wingtip
vortices that are created when an
airplane generates lift. When an
airplane generates lift, air spills over
the wingtips from the high pressure
areas below the wings to the low
pressure areas above them. This flow
causes rapidly rotating whirlpools of
air called wingtip vortices or wake
turbulence.
WASTE GATE—A controllable
valve in the tailpipe of an aircraft
reciprocating engine equipped with a
turbocharger. The valve is controlled
to vary the amount of exhaust gases
forced through the turbocharger
turbine.
WEATHERVANE—The tendency of
the aircraft to turn into the relative
wind.
WEIGHT—A measure of the
heaviness of an object. The force by
which a body is attracted toward the
center of the Earth (or another
celestial body) by gravity. Weight is
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WING AREA—The total surface of
the wing (square feet), which includes
control surfaces and may include
wing area covered by the fuselage
(main body of the airplane), and
engine nacelles.
WING SPAN—
The maximum distance from wingtip
to wingtip.
WINGTIP VORTICES—
The rapidly rotating air that spills over
an airplane’s wings during flight. The
intensity of the turbulence depends on
the airplane’s weight, speed, and
configuration. It is also referred to as
ZERO FUEL WEIGHT—
The weight of the aircraft to include
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AIRPLANE FLYING HANDBOOK 飞机飞行手册下(123)
