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associated with the outside wing.
AERODYNAMIC CEILING—
The point (altitude) at which, as the
indicated airspeed decreases with altitude,
it progressively merges with the
low speed buffet boundary where prestall
buffet occurs for the airplane at a
load factor of 1.0 G.
AERODYNAMICS—The science of
the action of air on an object, and with
the motion of air on other gases.
Aerodynamics deals with the
production of lift by the aircraft, the
relative wind, and the atmosphere.
AILERONS—Primary flight control
surfaces mounted on the trailing edge
of an airplane wing, near the tip.
Ailerons control roll about the longitudinal
axis.
AIR START—The act or instance of
starting an aircraft’s engine while in
flight, especially a jet engine after
flameout.
AIRCRAFT LOGBOOKS—
Journals containing a record of total
operating time, repairs, alterations or
inspections performed, and all
Airworthiness Directive (AD) notes
complied with. A maintenance
logbook should be kept for the
airframe, each engine, and each
propeller.
AIRFOIL—An airfoil is any surface,
such as a wing, propeller, rudder, or
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AIRWORTHINESS—A condition
in which the aircraft conforms to its
type certificated design including
supplemental type certificates, and
field approved alterations. The
aircraft must also be in a condition for
safe flight as determined by annual,
100 hour, preflight and any other
required inspections.
AIRWORTHINESS
CERTIFICATE—
A certificate issued by the FAA to all
aircraft that have been proven to meet
the minimum standards set down by
the Code of Federal Regulations.
AIRWORTHINESS
DIRECTIVE—A regulatory notice
sent out by the FAA to the registered
owner of an aircraft informing the
owner of a condition that prevents the
aircraft from continuing to meet
its conditions for airworthiness.
Airworthiness Directives (AD notes)
must be complied with within the
required time limit, and the fact of
compliance, the date of compliance,
and the method of compliance must be
recorded in the aircraft’s maintenance
records.
ALPHA MODE OF
OPERATION—The operation of a
turboprop engine that includes all of
the flight operations, from takeoff to
landing. Alpha operation is typically
between 95 percent to 100 percent of
the engine operating speed.
ALTERNATE AIR—A device
which opens, either automatically
or manually, to allow induction airflow
to continue should the primary
induction air opening become
blocked.
ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE—
A manual port that when opened
allows the pitot static instruments to
sense static pressure from an alternate
location should the primary static port
become blocked.
ALTERNATOR/GENERATOR—A
device that uses engine power to generate
electrical power.
ALTIMETER—A flight instrument
that indicates altitude by sensing
pressure changes.
pitch, which is the up and down
movement of the airplane’s nose.
ATTITUDE— The position of an
aircraft as determined by the
relationship of its axes and a reference,
usually the earth’s horizon.
AUTOKINESIS—This is caused by
staring at a single point of light
against a dark background for more
than a few seconds. After a few
moments, the light appears to move
on its own.
AUTOPILOT—An automatic flight
control system which keeps an aircraft
in level flight or on a set course.
Automatic pilots can be directed by
the pilot, or they may be coupled to a
radio navigation signal.
AXES OF AN AIRCRAFT—Three
imaginary lines that pass through an
aircraft’s center of gravity. The axes
can be considered as imaginary axles
around which the aircraft turns. The
three axes pass through the center of
gravity at 90° angles to each other.
The axis from nose to tail is the
longitudinal axis, the axis that passes
from wingtip to wingtip is the lateral
axis, and the axis that passes vertically
through the center of gravity is the
vertical axis.
AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR—
Atype of compressor used in a turbine
engine in which the airflow through
the compressor is essentially linear.
An axial-flow compressor is made up
of several stages of alternate rotors
and stators. The compressor ratio is
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