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closed feed system from the fuel
pump to the discharge nozzle. It
meters fuel through fixed jets
according to the mass airflow through
the throttle body and discharges it
under a positive pressure. Pressure
carburetors are distinctly different
from float-type carburetors, as they do
not incorporate a vented float
chamber or suction pickup from a
discharge nozzle located in the venturi
tube. 2. Float-type: Consists
essentially of a main air passage
through which the engine draws its
supply of air, a mechanism to control
the quantity of fuel discharged in
relation to the flow of air, and a means
of regulating the quantity of fuel/air
mixture delivered to the engine
cylinders.
CASCADE REVERSER—A thrust
reverser normally found on turbofan
engines in which a blocker door and a
series of cascade vanes are used to
redirect exhaust gases in a forward
direction.
CENTER OF GRAVITY (CG)—
The point at which an airplane would
balance if it were possible to suspend
it at that point. It is the mass center of
the airplane, or the theoretical point at
which the entire weight of the airplane
is assumed to be concentrated. It may
be expressed in inches from the reference
datum, or in percent of mean
aerodynamic chord (MAC). The location
depends on the distribution of
weight in the airplane.
BUFFETING—The beating of an
aerodynamic structure or surface by
unsteady flow, gusts, etc.; the irregular
shaking or oscillation of a vehicle
component owing to turbulent air or
separated flow.
BUS BAR—An electrical power
distribution point to which several
circuits may be connected. It is often a
solid metal strip having a number of
terminals installed on it.
BUS TIE—A switch that connects
two or more bus bars. It is usually
used when one generator fails and
power is lost to its bus. By closing the
switch, the operating generator
powers both busses.
BYPASS AIR—The part of a
turbofan’s induction air that bypasses
the engine core.
BYPASS RATIO—The ratio of the
mass airflow in pounds per second
through the fan section of a turbofan
engine to the mass airflow that passes
through the gas generator portion of
the engine. Or, the ratio between fan
mass airflow (lb/sec.) and core engine
mass airflow (lb/sec.).
CABIN PRESSURIZATION—A
condition where pressurized air is
forced into the cabin simulating
pressure conditions at a much lower
altitude and increasing the aircraft
occupants comfort.
CALIBRATED AIRSPEED
(CAS)—Indicated airspeed corrected
for installation error and instrument
error. Although manufacturers attempt
to keep airspeed errors to a minimum,
it is not possible to eliminate all errors
throughout the airspeed operating
range. At certain airspeeds and with
certain flap settings, the installation
and instrument errors may total
several knots. This error is generally
greatest at low airspeeds. In the
cruising and higher airspeed ranges,
indicated airspeed and calibrated
airspeed are approximately the same.
Refer to the airspeed calibration chart
to correct for possible airspeed errors.
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CENTER-OF-GRAVITY
LIMITS—The specified forward and
aft points within which the CG must
be located during flight. These limits
are indicated on pertinent airplane
specifications.
CENTER-OF-GRAVITY
RANGE—The distance between the
forward and aft CG limits indicated on
pertinent airplane specifications.
CENTRIFUGAL
FLOW COMPRESSOR—
An impeller-shaped device that receives
air at its center and slings air outward at
high velocity into a diffuser for increased
pressure. Also referred to as a radial outflow
compressor.
CHORD LINE—An imaginary
straight line drawn through an airfoil
from the leading edge to the trailing
edge.
CIRCUIT BREAKER—
A circuit-protecting device that opens
the circuit in case of excess current
flow. A circuit breakers differs from a
fuse in that it can be reset without
having to be replaced.
CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE—
Turbulence not associated with any
visible moisture.
CLIMB GRADIENT—The ratio
between distance traveled and altitude
gained.
COCKPIT RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT—Techniques
designed to reduce pilot errors and
manage errors that do occur utilizing
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AIRPLANE FLYING HANDBOOK 飞机飞行手册下(107)
