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operations. Ramp weight may also be
referred to as taxi weight.
allows air to continue flowing over the
top of the wing and delays airflow
separation.
MUSHING—A flight condition
caused by slow speed where the
control surfaces are marginally
effective.
N1, N2, N3—Spool speed expressed in
percent rpm. N1 on a turboprop is the
gas producer speed. N1 on a turbofan
or turbojet engine is the fan speed or
low pressure spool speed. N2 is the
high pressure spool speed on engine
with 2 spools and medium pressure
spool on engines with 3 spools with
N3 being the high pressure spool.
NACELLE—
Astreamlined enclosure on an aircraft
in which an engine is mounted.
On multiengine propeller-driven
airplanes, the nacelle is normally
mounted on the leading edge of the
wing.
NEGATIVE STATIC
STABILITY—The initial tendency
of an aircraft to continue away from
the original state of equilibrium after
being disturbed.
NEGATIVE TORQUE SENSING
(NTS)— A system in a turboprop
engine that prevents the engine from
being driven by the propeller. The
NTS increases the blade angle when
the propellers try to drive the engine.
NEUTRAL STATIC
STABILITY—The initial tendency
of an aircraft to remain in a new
condition after its equilibrium has
been disturbed.
NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERY
(NICAD)— A battery made up of
alkaline secondary cells. The positive
plates are nickel hydroxide, the
negative plates are cadmium
hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide
is used as the electrolyte.
NORMAL CATEGORY—
An airplane that has a seating
configuration, excluding pilot seats,
MAXIMUM TAKEOFF
WEIGHT—The maximum allowable
weight for takeoff.
MAXIMUM WEIGHT—
The maximum authorized weight of
the aircraft and all of its equipment as
specified in the Type Certificate Data
Sheets (TCDS) for the aircraft.
MAXIMUM ZERO FUEL
WEIGHT (GAMA)—The maximum
weight, exclusive of usable fuel.
MINIMUM CONTROLLABLE
AIRSPEED—An airspeed at which
any further increase in angle of attack,
increase in load factor, or reduction in
power, would result in an immediate
stall.
MINIMUM DRAG SPEED
(L/DMAX)—The point on the total
drag curve where the lift-to-drag ratio
is the greatest. At this speed, total drag
is minimized.
MIXTURE—The ratio of fuel to air
entering the engine’s cylinders.
MMO—Maximum operating speed
expressed in terms of a decimal of
mach speed.
MOMENT ARM—The distance
from a datum to the applied force.
MOMENT INDEX (OR INDEX)—
A moment divided by a constant such
as 100, 1,000, or 10,000. The purpose
of using a moment index is to simplify
weight and balance computations of
airplanes where heavy items and long
arms result in large, unmanageable
numbers.
MOMENT—The product of the
weight of an item multiplied by its
arm. Moments are expressed in
pound-inches (lb-in). Total moment is
the weight of the airplane multiplied
by the distance between the datum and
the CG.
MOVABLE SLAT—A movable
auxiliary airfoil on the leading edge of
a wing. It is closed in normal flight but
extends at high angles of attack. This
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of nine or less, a maximum
certificated takeoff weight of 12,500
pounds or less, and intended for
nonacrobatic operation.
NORMALIZING
(TURBONORMALIZING)—
A turbocharger that maintains sea
level pressure in the induction manifold
at altitude.
OCTANE—The rating system of
aviation gasoline with regard to its
antidetonating qualities.
OVERBOOST—A condition in
which a reciprocating engine has
exceeded the maximum manifold
pressure allowed by the manufacturer.
Can cause damage to engine
components.
OVERSPEED—A condition in
which an engine has produced more
r.p.m. than the manufacturer
recommends, or a condition in which
the actual engine speed is higher than
the desired engine speed as set on the
propeller control.
OVERTEMP—A condition in which
a device has reached a temperature
above that approved by the
manufacturer or any exhaust
temperature that exceeds the
maximum allowable for a given operating
condition or time limit. Can
cause internal damage to an engine.
OVERTORQUE—A condition in
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