Aviation Instructor’s Handbook
U.S. Department of Transportation
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
Flight Standards Service
2008
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Designed for ground instructors, flight instructors, and aviation maintenance instructors, the Aviation Instructor’s Handbook was developed by the Flight Standards Service, Airman Testing Standards Branch, in cooperation with aviation educators and industry to help beginning instructors understand and apply the fundamentals of instruction. This handbook provides aviation instructors with up-to-date information on learning and teaching, and how to relate this information to the task of teaching aeronautical knowledge and skills to students. Experienced aviation instructors will also find the updated information useful for improving their effectiveness in training activities. While this handbook primarily uses the traditional term “student” to denote someone who is seeking certification in aviation, the accepted term in educational psychology is “learners.”
This handbook supersedes FAA-H-8083-9, Aviation Instructor’s Handbook, dated 1999.
This handbook may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9325, or from the GPO website:
http://bookstore.gpo.gov
This handbook is also available for download, in PDF format, from the Regulatory Support Division (AFS-600) website:
http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600
Current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material and subject matter knowledge codes for all instructor certificates and ratings can be obtained from AFS-600 at www.faa.gov.
Advisory Circular (AC) 00.2-15, Advisory Circular Checklist, transmits the current status of FAA advisory circulars and other flight information and publications. This checklist is free of charge and may be obtained by sending a request to U.S. Department of Transportation, Subsequent Distribution Office, SVC-121.23, Ardmore East Business Center, 3341 Q 75th Avenue, Landover, MD 20785. The checklist is also available on the Internet at http://www.faa.gov. Click on the Aviation Circular library link and then search for this advisory by number.
Occasionally, the word “must” or similar language is used where the desired action is deemed critical. The use of such language is not intended to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR).
Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in email form, to the following address:
AFS630comments@faa.gov
Preface
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The Aviation Instructor’s Handbook was produced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with the assistance of Safety Research Corporation of America, LLC. The FAA would like to extend its appreciation to several aviation industry organizations that provided assistance and input in the preparation of this handbook including: the General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA), the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA), AOPA Air Safety Foundation (AOPA/ASF), the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA), the National Association of Flight Instructors (NAFI), the National Air Transportation Association (NATA), the Small Aircraft Manufacturers Association (SAMA), the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA), and members of the General Aviation Joint Steering Committee (GAJSC).
Acknowledgments
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Preface ...................................................................iii
Table of Contents .................................................vii
Chapter 1
Human Behavior ..................................................1-1
Introduction ....................................................................1-2
Definitions of Human Behavior .....................................1-2
Personality Types .......................................................1-2
Instructor and Student Relationship ...........................1-3
Human Needs and Motivation .......................................1-3
Human Needs That Must Be Met To Encourage Learning .....................................................................1-4
Physiological ...........................................................1-4
Security ...................................................................1-4
Belonging ................................................................1-4
Esteem .....................................................................1-4
Cognitive and Aesthetic ..........................................1-4
Self-Actualization ...................................................1-4
Human Nature and Motivation ......................................1-5
Human Factors That Inhibit Learning ............................1-6
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