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port in the lowest part of the fuel tank
that the pilot can utilize to check for
contaminants in the fuel.
FUSELAGE—The section of the
airplane that consists of the cabin
and/or cockpit, containing seats for
the occupants and the controls for the
airplane.
GAS GENERATOR—The basic
power producing portion of a gas
turbine engine and excluding such
sections as the inlet duct, the
fan section, free power turbines,
and tailpipe. Each manufacturer
designates what is included as the gas
generator, but generally consists of
the compressor, diffuser, combustor,
and turbine.
GAS TURBINE ENGINE—A form
of heat engine in which burning fuel
adds energy to compressed air and
accelerates the air through the
remainder of the engine. Some of the
energy is extracted to turn the air
compressor, and the remainder
accelerates the air to produce thrust.
Some of this energy can be converted
into torque to drive a propeller or a
system of rotors for a helicopter.
GLIDE RATIO—The ratio between
distance traveled and altitude lost
during non-powered flight.
GLIDEPATH—The path of an
aircraft relative to the ground while
approaching a landing.
GLOBAL POSITION SYSTEM
(GPS)—A satellite-based radio positioning,
navigation, and time-transfer
system.
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GROUND TRACK—The aircraft’s
path over the ground when in flight.
GUST PENETRATION SPEED—
The speed that gives the greatest
margin between the high and low
mach speed buffets.
GYROSCOPIC PRECESSION—
An inherent quality of rotating bodies,
which causes an applied force to be
manifested 90º in the direction of
rotation from the point where the
force is applied.
HAND PROPPING—Starting an
engine by rotating the propeller by
hand.
HEADING—The direction in which
the nose of the aircraft is pointing
during flight.
HEADING BUG—A marker on the
heading indicator that can be rotated
to a specific heading for reference
purposes, or to command an autopilot
to fly that heading.
HEADING INDICATOR—
An instrument which senses airplane
movement and displays heading based
on a 360º azimuth, with the final zero
omitted. The heading indicator, also
called a directional gyro, is fundamentally
a mechanical instrument
designed to facilitate the use of the
magnetic compass. The heading indicator
is not affected by the forces that
make the magnetic compass difficult
to interpret.
HEADWIND COMPONENT—The
component of atmospheric winds that
acts opposite to the aircraft’s flightpath.
HIGH PERFORMANCE
AIRCRAFT—An aircraft with an
engine of more than 200 horsepower.
HORIZON—The line of sight
boundary between the earth and the
sky.
HORSEPOWER—
The term, originated by inventor
James Watt, means the amount of
work a horse could do in one second.
engine. Some igniters resemble spark
plugs, while others, called glow plugs,
have a coil of resistance wire that
glows red hot when electrical current
flows through the coil.
IMPACT ICE—Ice that forms on the
wings and control surfaces or on the
carburetor heat valve, the walls of the
air scoop, or the carburetor units
during flight. Impact ice collecting on
the metering elements of the
carburetor may upset fuel metering or
stop carburetor fuel flow.
INCLINOMETER—An instrument
consisting of a curved glass tube,
housing a glass ball, and damped with
a fluid similar to kerosene. It may be
used to indicate inclination, as a level,
or, as used in the turn indicators, to
show the relationship between gravity
and centrifugal force in a turn.
INDICATED AIRSPEED (IAS)—
The direct instrument reading
obtained from the airspeed indicator,
uncorrected for variations in atmospheric
density, installation error, or
instrument error. Manufacturers use
this airspeed as the basis for determining
airplane performance. Takeoff,
landing, and stall speeds listed in the
AFM or POH are indicated airspeeds
and do not normally vary with altitude
or temperature.
INDICATED ALTITUDE—
The altitude read directly from the
altimeter (uncorrected) when it is set
to the current altimeter setting.
INDUCED DRAG—That part of
total drag which is created by the
production of lift. Induced drag
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AIRPLANE FLYING HANDBOOK 飞机飞行手册下(112)
