适航手册 AIRWORTHINESS MANUAL(40)

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1.8.3.3 The interaction between systems should be fully analyzed to ensure that multiple failures will not result in an unsatisfactory level of safety. When an aircraft is designed, it is designed to achieve a certain level of safety. When any one system, instrument or equipment becomes inoperative, the design level of safety may be reduced. With modern aircraft it is usual to provide extra redundancy in some systems to enable the aircraft to take off and complete a flight with acceptable margins of safety even if, for example, one channel of a system has failed during a previous flight. Minor deficiencies which do not too seriously affect safety may be acceptable to flight, even without the provision of extra redundancy. In any case, the MMEL board will need to carry out a thorough assessment on safety together with engineering judgment as a guide to developing an acceptable list.
1.8.3.4 The MMEL should not include obviously required items such as wings, empennage, power-units, etc., nor should it include items which are not required for safe operation of the aircraft, such as entertainment systems, etc. It must be stressed and understood by all persons developing and using the MMEL that all items which are related to the airworthiness of the aircraft and are not included on the list are automatically required to be operative.
1.8.3.5 The actual format of the MMEL may vary, but all major systems should be listed to indicate they have been considered (communications systems, navigation systems, automatic flight control systems, etc.). In addition, components of those systems required for flight should be listed on the MMEL
(e.g. attitude gyros, VSI, DME, etc.).
1.8.3.6  The MMEL board should be responsible for maintaining an up-to-date MMEL. Amendment normally results from operator experience or analyses carried out by the organization responsible for the type design or from rule changes.

1.8.4  Configuration deviation list (CDL)
1.8.4.1 The CDL identifies any external parts of an aircraft type which may be missing at the commencement of a flight, and which contains, where necessary, any information on associated operating limitations and performance correction. Operation of the aircraft without certain secondary airframe and engine parts could be allowed through the use of an approved CDL. The CDL should be included in the AFM as a separately approved appendix. The following guidance should be followed when preparing the CDL.
a)  The parts or combinations of parts permitted to be missing, together with the associated performance penalties and other limitations should be determined and presented in the same format as the Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL).
b)  Unless it can be established that a zero or negligible performance degradation occurs as a result of a part missing from the aircraft, a performance penalty should be presented for each part or for each combination of parts.
c)  Performance penalties are normally presented as mass or percent mass decrements. Equivalent penalties expressed as other parameters are also acceptable. A single performance penalty applicable to all AFM performance limitations may be presented for a missing part or, subject to certain restrictions, performance penalties may be presented for each phase of flight. Typical examples are:
1)  Only a single performance penalty for take-off and a single performance penalty for landing will be permitted. For take-off, the penalty shall be the most restrictive of the take-off field length, first, second and final segment climbs, and take-off flight path considerations. For landing, the penalty shall be the most restrictive of approach climb, landing climb, and landing distance considerations.
2)  Only a single mass penalty for en-route climb performance, applying to both the one-engine-inoperative and two-engine-inoperative cases, as applicable, will be permitted.
3)  The CDL should contain the explanations of take-off performance penalty, landing performance penalty and en route performance penalty, as appropriate for the aircraft, when individual penalties are used.
　
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