1.4 Type Certification activities: State of Registry
1.4.1 General
1.4.1.1 Annex 8, Part II, Chapter 3, Certificates of Airworthiness, states in part that the issuance, or rendering valid, of a Certificate of Airworthiness must be based on satisfactory evidence that the aircraft complies with the design aspects of the appropriate airworthiness requirements of the State of Registry. The satisfactory evidence used by a majority of Contracting States is the aircraft Type Certificate. It is not expected nor encouraged that States of Registry perform the same in-depth determinations of compliance that the State of Design has already done. Instead, States are encouraged, through regulations, bilateral agreements or policy, to give maximum credit to the type certification work already done by the State of Design and, minimize duplicate or redundant testing that add little or no value to the overall airworthiness of the aeronautical product.
1.4.1.2 The majority of airworthiness standards currently used by States with aviation manufacturing industries are harmonized, and the remaining differences are either with the unique technical requirements, due to operational or environmental constraints, and/or interpretation of the same requirements. States that have similar or same airworthiness requirements can take advantage of the potential reduction in type certification activities and associated costs, while still fulfilling their national requirements. For States that do not presently have a well-defined or well-established airworthiness requirements for the type certification of aeronautical products, consideration should be given to accept, adopt, or incorporate by reference in their national regulations those airworthiness standards that are internationally recognized and widely accepted.
1.4.1.3 The type certification activity to be conducted by a State of Registry will depend on their national requirements. Some Contracting States require the issuance of their own Type Certificate. Some Contracting States, however, do not need to issue their own and can accept or adopt the Type Certificate by the State of Design. The overall objective that all Contracting States should work towards is reducing the amount of work needed to accomplish the approval of an aircraft type design and, subsequently, the issuance of a Certificate of Airworthiness under Annex 8 by the State of Registry.
1.4.1.4 A common practice by a majority of States of Registry in establishing compliance of an imported aeronautical product to their own applicable airworthiness standards is the validation exercise. The activities associated with the validation of a Type Certificate are similar to those performed for an initial Type Certificate (see Section 1.3 of this Part, Type Certification Activities: State of Design), except for the actual amount of certification work involved. Typically, a State of Registry would confine its certification review to the differences that exist between its airworthiness requirements and those of the State of Design, or on those requirements where the State of Registry retains exclusive approval authority under their certification system. A validation exercise between two Contracting States is conducted on the basis of confidence and a strong commitment to cooperate in reducing the unnecessary duplication of work already accomplished. Under a validation exercise, a complete re-investigation of compliance is not necessary.
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