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1.8.11.4 Additional advantages are:
a) analysis of the data is not required before departure unless functional tests indicate a need for immediate corrective action;
b) results of the test do not require immediate replacements of units showing deterioration provided the functional tests of the subsystem or component are satisfactory; and
c) evaluation of these test data can be used to schedule component replacement at a subsequent inspection or check.
1.8.12 Monitoring by age/reliability relationship
1.8.12.1 Several operators use an actuarial analysis technique as a basic requirement for making technical decisions concerning component reliability in their “on-condition” overhaul and monitored maintenance reliability programmes. Components selected for these programmes are those on which a determination of continued airworthiness may be made by visual inspection, measurements, tests or other means without a teardown inspection or periodic overhaul. Under these programmes, components are allowed to operate in service subject to meeting the established performance standard or the established “on-condition” base line data.
1.8.12.2 Initially, an actuarial analysis of each component is prepared to determine its reliability versus age characteristics. A component is considered acceptable for inclusion in the programme when the analysis shows that reliability does not deteriorate with increased time in service up to a predetermined point established by the operator. Normally, this cut-off point is considered to be the practical limit based on the amount of data collection and analysis required to qualify the component.
1.8.12.3 When the reliability of a component deteriorates to a value above the established performance standard, another actuarial analysis is made to determine the component's reliability versus age characteristics. Normally, this analysis will also include a determination of the reasons for the deterioration and the corrective action required to bring the condition under control. This reliability analysis is a continuing process and reveals whether a component requires a different maintenance programme or is in need of a design change to improve reliability.
1.8.12.4 An actuarial analysis is also made when the observed performance of a component improves to the point where more components are reaching higher operating times without experiencing premature removal failures. With such an improvement in survival characteristics possible, it is desirable to make a reliability analysis to determine its age-to-reliability characteristics.
1.8.12.5 Premature removal rate and the subsequent analysis of the teardown findings in the shop. The introduction of the “on-condition” overhaul concept has made it increasingly important to gain more information about the operating performance of the components and to examine the relationship of this performance to the time in service. This need has fostered the development of actuarial analysis techniques.
1.8.12.6 This method of analysis requires, for a specified calendar period, that the following information be available for each component under study:
a) the time on each operating component at the beginning of the study;
b) the time on each component removed and installed during this period;
c) the reason for removal and disposition of each component; and
d) the time on each operating component at the end of the study period.
1.8.12.7 An analysis is made of the performance of each component as its life progresses from one overhaul to another as follows:
a) A time and failure distribution chart is prepared showing the amount of operating time for each component and the failures experienced in each 100-hour time bracket for the specified study period. In conjunction with this chart, a digest of the causes of failure for each 100-hour time bracket is also prepared.
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适航手册 AIRWORTHINESS MANUAL(128)
