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1.8.4.2 Reliability programmes should describe the techniques used for measuring the performance and calculating the remaining service life of the component sufficiently in advance in order to take corrective maintenance action prior to failure. Essentially, reliability programmes are used for the control of maintenance by establishing performance levels for each type of unit and/or system individually or as a class. Generally, reliability programmes depend on the collection of data which can be analysed and compared to previously established programme goals.
1.8.4.3 A good reliability programme should contain means for ensuring that the reliability which is forecast is actually achieved; a programme which is very general may lack the details necessary to satisfy this requirement. It is not intended to imply that all of the following information should be contained in one programme, since the operating philosophy and programme management practices, etc. for each operator are different. However, the following information could be applied to the specific needs of either a simple or a complex programme.
1.8.5 Organizational structure
The programme should contain an organizational chart which includes:
a) a diagram of the relationship of key organizational blocks;
b) a listing of the organizational elements by title responsible for the administration of the programme;
c) a statement describing lines of authority and responsibility. The programme should identify the organization responsible to management for the overall reliability functions. It should define the authority delegated to these organizations to enforce policy and assure necessary follow-up and corrective actions; and
d) a procedure for the preparation, approval and implementation of revisions to the programme.
1.8.6 Data collection system
It is important that the data be as factual as possible in order that a high degree of confidence may be placed in any derived conclusion. Data accuracy is particularly important when it is used for predicting reliability because the prediction technique gives at best a broad estimate of the expected reliability. Therefore, the more dependable the data, the higher the degree of confidence that can be placed in the reliability estimate. Data should be obtained from units functioning under different operational conditions. Typical sources of information are: unscheduled removals, confirmed failures, pilot reports, sampling inspections, functional checks, shop findings, bench checks and service difficulty reports, flights cancellation and delays. The data should be collected at specific intervals and should be sufficient to appropriately support the analysis.
1.8.7 Data analysis and display
1.8.7.1 Data display and reporting provide a timely and systematic source of information, and even though after the fact, this material is a necessary prerequisite for correcting existing deficiencies. Reporting is not an end objective, but rather a necessary link in the chain of events leading to system improvement. The principal reason for gathering reliability data is to use it for making various determinations and predictions. Among these are such items as failure rate of parts and components, serviceability, and maintainability.
1.8.7.2 In general, almost any desired information can be extracted from these data if they are obtained in a planned and organized manner and carefully recorded and collated. However, the methods of analysis should be clearly understood in order to interpret properly the results obtained. Reliability data collected and analysed with no particular end in view usually result in conclusions that are defective for one reason or another. The programme should provide the information necessary to properly evaluate the graphic presentations submitted in support of the programme. These are used to reveal briefly and simply via graphics those aspects which would normally require a cumbersome analysis of a text or tabular material.
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适航手册 AIRWORTHINESS MANUAL(124)
