CHAPTER 1: TYPE CERTIFICATION
1.1 General
1.1.1 Article 31 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation prescribes that every aircraft engaged in international civil aviation shall be provided with a Certificate of Airworthiness issued or rendered valid by the State of Registry. Annex 8, Part II, Procedures for Certification and Continuing Airworthiness, states in part that the issuance, or rendering valid, of a Certificate of Airworthiness must be based on satisfactory evidence that the aircraft complies with the design aspects of the appropriate airworthiness requirements (i.e. the airworthiness standards) of the State of Registry. An example of evidence that is used by a majority of Contracting States, for the purpose of the Certificate of Airworthiness, is the aircraft Type Certificate.
Note.— Amendment 98 to Annex 8 introduced the formal requirement for a State of Design to issue a Type Certificate as evidence of approval for any new application for aircraft certification on or after 2 March 2004.
1.1.2 The original issuance of an aircraft Type Certificate by the State of Design is regarded as satisfactory evidence that; the design and details of such aircraft type have been reviewed and found to comply with the airworthiness Standards, the aircraft type has been subjected to the required ground and flight tests and, that no known or suspected unsafe aircraft characteristics exist against those Standards of which it had shown compliance. Subsequently, a State of Registry may accept the original Type Certificate in lieu of issuing its own or use it as a basis for issuing its own Type Certificate when processing an aircraft type intended to be entered on the State’s civil registry for the first time.
1.1.3 A Type Certificate is a formal document issued by the State of Design or the State of Registry for the approval of a type design of an aeronautical product. Type Certificates are generally issued for aeronautical product categories regarded as whole entities, such as aircraft, engines and propellers. Other forms of design approval may be issued to cover the remaining aeronautical product categories such as major components, auxiliary power units, appliances, equipment, instruments, and other parts intended for installation in the aircraft, engine or propeller. Thus, prior to issuing a Type Certificate for the aircraft, States would also have to ensure compliance with those airworthiness requirements that specify separate Type Certificates for engines and/or propellers or separate design approvals for major components prior to its installation on the aircraft.
1.1.4 The airworthiness organization of the State of Registry, as discussed under Part II, is responsible for ensuring the airworthiness of aircraft to which it issues a Certificate of Airworthiness. It is incumbent upon the State of Registry to facilitate this through a validation of the State of Design’s Type Certificate. In doing so, it will rely on the State of Design’s certification programme to the maximum extent practicable, in order to ensure the State of Registry’s airworthiness standards are satisfied. If adopting the State of Design’s airworthiness requirements, the State of Registry may validate the State of Design’s Type Certificate without a technical investigation, provided that it is satisfied with the State of Design’s airworthiness certification process and findings. When determining the level of technical investigation, the State of Registry may consider the outcome of the ICAO Safety Oversight Audit Programme or rely on a bilateral agreement between the State of Design and State of Registry. The State of Registry may also issue its own Type Certificate to indicate a satisfactory validation of the State of Design’s Type Certificate.
1.1.4.1 For those CAAs that have an ACD, the ACD will normally establish and carry out procedures for the type certification or other design approval of aircraft, engine, propellers, equipment, instruments, etc., that are designed or produced in that State, as well as including procedures for the validation of Type Certificates and other design approvals issued by another State. It is essential that the basic criteria and procedures be developed in detail by the ACD, approved by the DCA, and made available to all parties involved within the CAA and the aviation industry. The criteria and procedures should be set forth in straightforward terms and in a form suitable for use by the ACD engineers, as well as the design and test engineers employed by the manufacturers. The procedures should be of a general nature and normally not tailored to a specific aircraft type or specialized equipment and components. Furthermore, the procedures should provide for active participation of the AID at an early stage of the type certification/design approval process and for effective communication between all parties concerned.
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