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a) Probable Failure Conditions are those failure conditions that are anticipated to occur one or more times during the entire operational life of an aircraft. The maximum consequences acceptable are classified as Minor. These failure conditions would not significantly reduce aircraft safety and involve flight crew actions that are well within their capabilities but
1) a slight reduction in safety margins or functional capabilities,
2) a slight increase in flight crew workload, or
3) some physical discomfort to passengers or cabin crew may occur.
b) Remote Failure Conditions are those failure conditions that are unlikely to occur to each aircraft during its total life, but which may occur several times when considering the total operational life of a number of aircraft of the same type. The maximum consequences acceptable are classified as Major: These failure conditions would reduce the capability of the airplane or the ability of the flight crew to cope with adverse operating conditions to the extent that:
1) a significant reduction in safety margins or functional capabilities,
2) a significant increase in flight crew workload or in conditions impairing flight crew efficiency, or
3) a discomfort to the flight crew or physical distress to passengers or cabin crew, possibly including injuries would occur.
c) Extremely Remote Failure Conditions are those failure conditions that are not anticipated to occur to each aircraft during its total life but which may occur a few times when considering the total operational life of all aircraft of the same type. The maximum consequences acceptable are classified as Hazardous. These failure conditions would reduce the capability of the airplane or the ability of the flight crew to cope with adverse operating conditions to the extent that:
1) a large reduction in safety margins or functional capabilities,
2) physical distress or a excessive workload such that the flight crew cannot be relied upon to perform their tasks accurately or completely, or
3) serious or fatal injury to some occupant other than the flight crew would occur.
d) Extremely Improbable Failure Conditions are those failure conditions that are so unlikely that they are not anticipated to occur during the entire operational life of all aircraft of the same type. The maximum consequences acceptable are classified as Catastrophic: The Failure Conditions would result in:
1) multiple fatalities of the occupants, or
2) incapacitation or fatal injury to a flight crewmember normally with the loss of the aircraft
2.6.2 Reliability requirements
2.6.2.1 Aeroplane system failure or failure combinations which could result in the loss of safe flight and landing capability should be extremely improbable.
2.6.2.2 The risk of failure of any aeroplane system essential to continued safe flight and landing at an aerodrome after the failure of one engine should be improbable.
2.6.2.3 Aeroplane system failure or failure combinations which have an appreciable impact on the capability of the aeroplane or crew to cope with anticipated operating conditions should be improbable.
2.6.3 Reliability assessment
2.6.3.1 Compliance with Annex 6, Part I, 4.7.2, Attachment E of Annex 6, Part I, and with Section
2.6.2 above should be shown by assessment of the systems operating separately and in relation to other systems. This assessment should, where necessary, be supported by appropriate ground, flight or flight simulator tests.
2.6.3.2 The assessment should include the possible modes of normal operation and of failure, the resulting effects on the aeroplane and occupants considering the stage of flight and operating conditions, the awareness of the crew of the failure conditions and the corrective action required, the capability of detecting failures and the aeroplane inspection and maintenance procedures. Consideration should be given to failure conditions being accompanied or caused by events or errors. In such combinations, allowance may be made for the probabilities of the failure conditions, events and errors.
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适航手册 AIRWORTHINESS MANUAL(152)
