Getting to grips with Fatigue & Alertness Management(12)

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The success of the Airbus Workload Measure in the A320 certification led to its use in this ongoing study of vigilance and workload in long range airline flights on a variety of aircraft types. In turn, this led to an agreement to use it as the primary workload measure during the A340 Minimum Crew and Route-Proving Campaigns which were conducted in late 1992.
 
A specific value of the Airbus Workload Measure for one pilot at a particular second of flight is calculated from a combination of aircraft flight parameter data, such as airspeed, angle of attack and roll angle, heart rate variability data on both pilots and flight status measures such as whether or not a checklist was being run by the crew. The flight status data are derived from observations of the crew either directly or via video and audio from the cockpit and recorded on paper or by using the Aircrew Data Logging System (ADL).

 
 
 
Pilot and Observer rating of flight scenarios on the 7 points Airbus Rating Scale in 1983
 

 

 
 
Observer Logging of  Cockpit Pilot Activities in the Cockpit in 1982
 

 
 
Observer Logging from closed circuit television in the Cabin in 1981
 
2.4.2.  AIRCREW DATA LOGGING SYSTEM

The Aircrew Data Logging System (ADL) is a computer-based tool to be used by observers to create a record of selected system events. The ADL record forms a timeline of the observed events, which can be integrated with other time-based records of system events, as well as with external time-based records.
 
Because it is computer based, ADL is a highly structured system, and this structure directly affects how and how well it can be applied to a system of interest. In our case this consisted in defining a script involving variables pertaining to crew behaviors, vigilance and alertness, crew activity and flight functions.
 
ADL (which runs on a standard notebook computer) was developed to support: 
- the preparation of a narrative description of each flight, - the collection of the status data needed by the Airbus Workload Measure - the collection of information required to analyze a data base of physiological    measures taken on those pilots who volunteered.
2.4.3. RESULTS FROM WORKLOAD MEASUREMENT

Examination of crew workload timelines shows several interesting patterns. First, the high workload imposed on pilots from flying into busy or unfamiliar airports and at the end of long night-time flights is suggested by many of the landings.
Measuring crew workload in airline operations: approach & landing example
 
 

 
 
Second, there are several periods of relatively higher workload evident in some of the timelines. These do not appear to correlate with logged stressful events. They may be the result of additional transient data artifacts, which eluded the various screens in the processing programs. Alternatively, they could be real periods of elevated subjective mental workload, which are internally generated by the pilots as a result of cognitive activities (related or unrelated to the flight).
　
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