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‐ Ground Clutter Suppression (GCS) erases up to 85 % of ground clutter return. The flight
crew should use this mode only at shallow tilt angles ( 0 to 5 °) and for short intervals, since
it may identify stationary weather targets incorrectly. Steep tilt angles can make it difficult to
distinguish between ground and weather targets.
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
PROCEDURES
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
NAVIGATION
A330/A340 FLEET PRO-SUP-34 P 5/24
FCOM 19 AUG 10
Applicable to: ,
OPERATIONAL FUNCTIONS
TILT, RANGE AND GAIN
The three things that the flight crew must understand in order to take full advantage of the
weather radar are :
‐ antenna tilt, which causes the center of the radar beam to scan above or below the attitude
reference plane
‐ range control which, in coordination with tilt governs the range of the navigation display
‐ gain control, which adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver (and should normally be set to
AUTO or CAL ). The sensitivity of the receiver may vary from one type of radar system to
another.
COLOR CODE
A color code distinguishes areas by the intensity of the precipitation in them :
‐ black for the lowest intensity (nothing appears on the ND)
‐ green, amber and red for progressively higher intensities
‐ magenta for saturated areas, in the weather and turbulence mode (WX + T).
GROUND MAPPING – GROUND CLUTTER SUPPRESSION
Some radars have two additional modes :
‐ Ground mapping mode permits the radar to produce more returns from less reflective targets
on the ground. The associated color code is : black for standing water (no returns), green for
the ground, amber or red for cities and mountains (strong returns).
‐ Ground Clutter Suppression (GCS) erases up to 85 % of ground clutter return. The flight
crew should use this mode only at shallow tilt angles ( 0 to 5 °) and for short intervals, since
it may identify stationary weather targets incorrectly. Steep tilt angles can make it difficult to
distinguish between ground and weather targets.
Applicable to: ALL
OPERATIONAL USE
CAUTION Before selecting WX, WX/T or MAP mode on the control unit, make certain that :
no one is within a ‐ distance less than 5 m from the antenna in movement within
an arc of plus or minus 135 ° on either side of the aircraft centerline
‐ the aircraft is not directed towards any large metallic obstacle, such as a hangar,
which is within 5 m in an arc of plus or minus 90 ° on either side of the aircraft
centerline.
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
PROCEDURES
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
NAVIGATION
A330/A340 FLEET PRO-SUP-34 P 6/24
FCOM 19 AUG 10
DETECTION AND INTERPRETATION
General
1. The flight crew should monitor the weather at long range, as well as that at shorter ranges,
in order to be able to plan efficient course changes and to avoid weather-defined blind
alleys and box canyons.
2. Ground returns usually appear smaller, sharper, more packed, better defined, and more
angular than weather targets, whereas the latter usually appear larger, have less definite
shapes, and tend to remain relatively unchanged.
3. The line-of-sight distance to the horizon is :
D(NM) = 1,25 √ (aircraft altitude (feet)).
Red and magenta areas : thunderstorms, tornadoes, hail
The steeper the gradient of rainfall rate, the stronger the turbulence (magenta color) and the
possibility of hail.
• To use the radar effectively for avoiding thunderstorms, the flight crew should select the
following ranges on the NDs (if possible) :
‐ 160 nm on the Pilot Non-Flying (PNF) ND
‐ 80 nm on the Pilot Flying (PF) ND
• To avoid a large storm, the flight crew must make decisions while still 40 nm from it.
Therefore the flight crew should :
‐ Avoid magenta (WX+T mode) and red areas and fringes by at least 20 nm above the
FL 230 and by 5 to 10 nm below FL 230.
‐ Avoid single magenta areas of turbulence (not associated with heavy precipitation) by at
least 5 nm.
• Flight crew should readjust the tilt frequently in order to monitor storm development and to
get the best cell echo.
• Failure to tilt the antenna down periodically may cause a target to disappear.
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
PROCEDURES
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
NAVIGATION
A330/A340 FLEET PRO-SUP-34 P 7/24
FCOM 19 AUG 10
• The following formula calculates the vertical distance between the top of the cell and the
aircraft flight level :
▵h (feet) ▵ d(NM) × Tilt (degrees) × 100.
Example :
Cell at 40 nm disappearing at less than 3 ° downtilt
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A330/A340机组操作手册 FLIGHT CREW OPERATING MANUAL FCOM 11(99)
