flight operation 飞行运行概述(22)

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• General
• General aircraft limitations
• Payload Range
• Operating limitations
• In flight performance
• One engine inoperative performance
• Flight planning
• weight and balance
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
1 - Limit load factors
2 - Maximum speed
3 - Minimum speed
4 - Other limitations ( environmental envelope and engine
limitations )
5 - Maximum structural weights
Table of Contents
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
1 - Limit load factors
2 - Maximum speed
3 - Minimum speed
4 - Other limitations ( environmental envelope engine limitations )
5 - Maximum structural weights
Table of Contents
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Aerodynamics loads
nz (load factor) g m
Acceleration
m
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Manoeuvering limit load factors
 - (JAR /FAR 25.1531, 25.333)
 Flaps retracted or slats extended:
 - 1 nz < + 2.5
 Flaps and slats extended:
 0 < nz < + 2
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
1 - Limit load factors
2 - Maximum speed
3 - Minimum speed
4 - Other limitations ( environmental envelope engine limitations )
5 - Maximum structural weights
Table of Contents
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Maximum operating limit speed (or Mach number)
- VMO (or MMO) - (JAR/FAR 25.1505)
Pressure
Altitude
CAS
VMO = 350
MMO = 0.82
A 320 - 200
24 600 ft
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Maximum manoeuvering speed: VA -
 (JAR/FAR 25.1507,25.335)
 Maximum speed at which the flight controls can be fully
deflected without structural damage
VA
full
SPEED
deflection
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Maximum manoeuvering speed: VA - (JAR /FAR 25.1507)
CAS
VMO = 350
MMO = 0.82
A 320 - 200
24 600 ft
VA
M = 0.78
250 350
Pressure
Altitude
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Maximum flaps extended operating speeds: VFE
(JAR/FAR 25.1511)
F la p s
le v e r
p o s itio n
E C AM
in d ic a tio n
S la ts
p o s itio n
F la p s
p o s itio n
V F E F lig h t
p h a s e
1 1 8 0 2 3 0 A p p ro a c h
1
1 + F 1 8 1 0 2 1 5 T a k e o ff
2 2 2 2 1 5 2 0 0
A p p ro a c h
T a k e o ff
3 3 2 2 2 0 1 8 5
L a n d in g
A p p ro a c h
T a k e o ff
F U L L F u ll 2 7 3 5 1 7 7 L a n d in g
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Maximum landing gear speeds: (JAR /FAR 25.1515)
 VLE (In flight: landing gear extended): 280 kt/ M 0.67
available when the landing gear is in the fully extended
position
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Maximum landing gear speeds: (JAR/FAR 25.1515)
 VLE (In flight: landing gear extended): 280 kt/ M 0.67
 VLO RET: (landing gear operating: retraction) : 220 kt
 VLO EXT: (landing gear operating: extension): 250 kt
 Maximum tyre speed:
 195 kt (ground speed)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
1 - Limit load factors
2 - Maximum speed
3 - Minimum speed
4 - Other limitations ( environmental envelope engine limitations )
5 - Maximum structural weights
Table of Contents
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Definition - Reference stall
speed VSR (JAR 25.103)
 VSR  Vs1g
 Vs1g is the stall speed
under load factor (nz)
equal to 1:
(The aeroplane
can develop a lift equal to its
weight)
Remark: In JAR 25 VSR is
expressed as:
VCLMAX is the stall speed
under a load factor equal
to nzw
Vs g mg
oSCz
1  2
 max
zw
CLMAX
SR
n
V  V
　
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