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that the organization and its supervision be approved by more
than one State.
Approved training. Training conducted under special curricula
and supervision approved by a Contracting State that, in
the case of flight crew members, is conducted within an
approved training organization.
Approved training organization. An organization approved
by a Contracting State in accordance with the requirements
of Annex 1, 1.2.8.2 and Appendix 2 to perform flight crew
training and operating under the supervision of that State.
Balloon. A non-power-driven lighter-than-air aircraft.
Note.— For the purposes of this Annex, this definition
applies to free balloons.
Certify as airworthy (to). To certify that an aircraft or parts
thereof comply with current airworthiness requirements
after maintenance has been performed on the aircraft or parts
thereof.
Commercial air transport operation. An aircraft operation
involving the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for
remuneration or hire.
Competency. A combination of skills, knowledge and attitudes
required to perform a task to the prescribed standard.
Competency element. An action that constitutes a task that has
a triggering event and a terminating event that clearly
defines its limits, and an observable outcome.
Annex 1 — Personnel Licensing Chapter 1
23/11/06 1-2
Competency unit. A discrete function consisting of a number
of competency elements.
Co-pilot. A licensed pilot serving in any piloting capacity
other than as pilot-in-command but excluding a pilot who
is on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of receiving
flight instruction.
Credit. Recognition of alternative means or prior qualifications.
Cross-country. A flight between a point of departure and a
point of arrival following a pre-planned route using standard
navigation procedures.
Dual instruction time. Flight time during which a person is
receiving flight instruction from a properly authorized pilot
on board the aircraft.
Error. An action or inaction by the flight crew that leads to
deviations from organizational or flight crew intentions or
expectations.
Error management. The process of detecting and responding
to errors with countermeasures that reduce or eliminate the
consequences of errors and mitigate the probability of
further errors or undesired aircraft states.
Note.— See Attachment C to Chapter 3 of the Procedures
for Air Navigation Services — Training (PANS-TRG, Doc 9868)
for a description of undesired aircraft states.
Flight crew member. A licensed crew member charged with
duties essential to the operation of an aircraft during a flight
duty period.
Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic services
units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a
flight of an aircraft.
Flight procedures trainer. See Flight simulation training device.
Flight simulation training device. Any one of the following
three types of apparatus in which flight conditions are
simulated on the ground:
A flight simulator, which provides an accurate representation
of the flight deck of a particular aircraft type to
the extent that the mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc.
aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment
of flight crew members, and the performance and flight
characteristics of that type of aircraft are realistically
simulated;
A flight procedures trainer, which provides a realistic flight
deck environment, and which simulates instrument
responses, simple control functions of mechanical, electrical,
electronic, etc. aircraft systems, and the performance
and flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular
class;
A basic instrument flight trainer, which is equipped with
appropriate instruments, and which simulates the flight
deck environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument
flight conditions.
Flight simulator. See Flight simulation training device.
Flight time — aeroplanes. The total time from the moment an
aeroplane first moves for the purpose of taking off until the
moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight.
Note. — Flight time as here defined is synonymous with the
term “block to block” time or “chock to chock” time in general
usage which is measured from the time an aeroplane first
moves for the purpose of taking off until it finally stops at the
end of the flight.
Flight time — helicopters. The total time from the moment a
helicopter’s rotor blades start turning until the moment the
helicopter finally comes to rest at the end of the flight, and
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