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Flight).
Figure 5-43. 80/260 Procedure Turn (Entire Pattern in Level
Flight). Figure 5-44. Teardrop Pattern (Entire Pattern in Level Flight).
3. At point C, turn 225° right (using a standard rate turn)
which will provide a heading of 180°. The timing is
such that in a no wind environment, the pilot will be
aligned with the final approach course of 180° at D.
Wind conditions, however must be considered during
the execution of the procedure turn. Compensating
for wind may result in changes to outbound time,
procedure turn heading and/or time and minor changes
in the inbound turn.
80/260 Procedure Turn
1. Start timing at point A (usually identified on approach
procedures by a fix). For example, fly outbound on a
heading of 360° for 2 minutes. [Figure 5-43]
2. At B, enter a left standard rate turn of 80° to a heading
of 280°.
3. At the completion of the 80° turn to 280° (Point C),
immediately turn right 260°, rolling-out on a heading
of 180° (Point D) and also the reciprocal of the entry
heading.
Teardrop Patterns
There are three typical teardrop procedure turns. A 30°, 20°,
and a 10° teardrop pattern. The below steps indicate actions
for all three starting on a heading of 360°. [Figure 5-44]
1. At point B (after stabilizing on the outbound course)
turn left:
• 30° to a heading of 330° and time for 1 minute
• 20° to a heading of 340° and time for 2 minutes
• 10° to a heading of 350° and time for 3 minutes
2. After the appropriate time above (Point C), make a
standard rate turn to the right for:
• 30° teardrop—210° to the final course heading
of 180° (Point D)
• 20° teardrop—200° to the final course heading
of 180° (Point D)
• 10° teardrop—190° to the final course heading
of 180° (Point D)
By using the different teardrop patterns, a pilot is afforded the
ability to manage time more efficiently. For instance, a 10°
pattern for 3 minutes provides about three times the distance
5-32
Figure 5-45. Circling Approach Pattern I (Imaginary Runway).
Figure 5-46. Circling Approach Pattern II (Imaginary Runway).
(and time) than a 30° pattern. Pattern selection should be
based upon an individual assessment of the procedure turn
requirements to include wind, complexity, the individual
preparedness, etc.
Circling Approach Patterns
Pattern I
1. At A, start timing for 2 minutes from A to B; reduce
airspeed to approach speed. [Figure 5-45]
2. At B, make a standard rate turn to the left for 45°.
3. At the completion of the turn, time for 45 seconds to
C.
4. At C, turn to the original heading; fly 1 minute to D,
lowering the landing gear and flaps.
5. At D, turn right 180°, rolling-out at E on the reciprocal
of the entry heading.
6. At E, enter a 500 fpm rate descent. At the end of a 500
foot descent, enter a straight constant-airspeed climb,
retracting gear and flaps.
Pattern II
Steps:
1. At A, start timing for 2 minutes from A to B; reduce
airspeed to approach speed. [Figure 5-46]
2. At B, make a standard rate turn to the left for 45°.
3. At the completion of the turn, time for 1 minute to
C.
4. At C, turn right for 180° to D; fly for 1-1/2 minutes
to E, lowering the landing gear and flaps.
5. At E, turn right for 180°, rolling-out at F.
6. At F, enter a 500 fpm rate descent. At the end of a 500
foot descent, enter a straight constant-airspeed climb,
retracting gear and flaps.
5-33
Introduction
The previous chapters have laid the foundation for instrument
flying. The pilot’s ability to use and interpret the information
displayed and apply corrective action is required to maneuver
the aircraft and maintain safe flight. A pilot must recognize
that each aircraft make and model flown may require a
different technique. Aircraft weight, speed, and configuration
changes require the pilot to vary his or her technique in order
to perform successful attitude instrument flying. A pilot must
become familiar with all sections of the Pilot’s Operating
Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual (POH/AFM) prior to
performing any flight maneuver.
Chapter 5–II describes basic attitude instrument flight
maneuvers and explains how to perform each one by
interpreting the indications presented on the electronic
flight display (EFD). In addition to normal flight maneuvers,
“partial panel” flight will be addressed. With the exception of
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册上(97)
