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GLOSSARY / DEFINITIONS
Anti-icing is a precautionary procedure, which provides protection against the formation of frost or ice and the accumulation of snow on treated surfaces of the aircraft, for a limited period of time (holdover time).
Anti icing code describes the quality of the treatment the aircraft has received and provides information for determining the holdover time.
Aquaplaning or hydroplaning is a situation where the tires of the aircraft are, to a large extent, separated from the runway surface by a thin fluid film.
Braking action is a report on the conditions of the airport movement areas, providing pilots the quality or degree of braking that may be expected. Braking action is reported in terms of: good, medium to good, medium, medium to poor, poor, nil or unreliable.
Clear ice is a coating of ice, generally clear and smooth, but with some air pockets. It is formed on exposed objects at temperatures below, or slightly above, freezing temperature, with the freezing of super-cooled drizzle, droplets or raindrops. See also .cold soak..
Cold soak: Even in ambient temperature between -2°C and at least +15°C, ice or frost can form in the presence of visible moisture or high humidity if the aircraft structure remains at 0°C or below. Anytime precipitation falls on a cold-soaked aircraft, while on the ground, clear icing may occur. This is most likely to occur on aircraft with integral fuel tanks, after a long flight at high altitude. Clear ice is very difficult to visually detect and may break loose during or after takeoff. The following can have an effect on cold soaked wings: Temperature of fuel in fuel cells, type and location of fuel cells, length of time at high altitude flights, quantity of fuel in fuel cells, temperature of refueled fuel and time since refueling.
Contaminated runway: A runway is considered to be contaminated when more than 25% of the runway surface area (whether in isolated areas or not) within the required length and width being used is covered by the following:
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Surface water more than 3 mm (0.125 in) deep, or slush, or loose snow, equivalent to more than 3 mm (0.125 in) of water; or
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Snow which has been compressed into a solid mass which resists further compression and will hold together or break into lumps if picked up (compacted snow); or
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Ice, including wet ice
Damp runway: A runway is considered damp when the surface is not dry, but when the moisture on it does not give it a shiny appearance.
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本文链接地址：getting to grips with COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS 寒冷天气运行(8)
