getting to grips with COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS 寒冷天气运行(44)

B3.6.1 Receiving aircraft
When arriving at the aircraft, local advice from ground maintenance staff may be considered, because they may be more familiar with local weather conditions. If there is nobody available, or if there is any doubt about their knowledge concerning de-icing/anti-icing aspects, pilots have to determine the need for de-icing/anti-icing by themselves.
Checks for the need to de-ice/anti-ice are presented in section B3.3

 and the methods in section B3.5.

If the prevailing weather conditions call for protection during taxi, pilots should try to determine .off block time. to be in a position to get sufficient anti-icing protection regarding holdover time.
This message should be passed on to the de-icing/anti-icing units, the ground
maintenance, the boarding staff, the dispatch office and all other units involved.

B3.6.2 Cockpit preparation
Before treatment, avoid pressurizing or testing flight control systems.
Try to make sure that all flight support services are completed prior to treatment, to avoid
any delay between treatment and start of taxiing.

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During treatment observe that:
.
 Engines are shut down or at idle,

.
 APU may be used for electrical supply,

.
 All air bleeds should be OFF,

.
 All external lights of treated areas should be OFF.

Consider whether communication and information with the ground staff is/has been
adequate.
A specific item included in the normal cockpit preparation procedures is recommended.

The minimum requirement is to receive the anti-icing code in order to figure out the
available protection time from the holdover timetable.
Do not consider the information given in the holdover timetables as precise. There are
several parameters influencing holdover time.

The timeframes given in the holdover timetables consider the very different weather
situations worldwide. The view of the weather is rather subjective; experience has shown
that a certain snowfall can be judged as light, medium or heavy by different people. If in
doubt, a pre-takeoff check should be considered.

As soon as the treatment of the aircraft is completed, proceed to engine starting.
Regarding responsibility and decision, see section B3.4.

B3.6.3 Taxiing
During taxiing, the flight crew should observe the intensity of precipitation and keep an eye on the aircraft surfaces visible from the cockpit. Ice warning systems of engines and wings or other additional ice warning systems must be considered.
Sufficient distance from the preceding aircraft must be maintained, as blowing snow or jetblasts can degrade the anti-icing protection of the aircraft.
The extension of slats and flaps should be delayed, especially when operating on slushy areas. However, in this case slat/flap extension should be verified prior to takeoff.
　
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