getting to grips with COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS 寒冷天气运行(31)

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3.Clean aircraft concept
Any contamination of aircraft surfaces can lead to handling and control difficulties, performance losses and/or mechanical damage.
4. De-Icing
Are the conditions of frost, ice, snow or slush such that de-icing is required to provide clean surfaces at engine start?
5. Anti-icing
Is the risk of precipitation such that anti-icing is required to ensure clean surfaces at lift off?
6. Checks
Do you have enough information and adequate knowledge to dispatch the aircraft?
B3  DE-/ANTI-ICING AIRCRAFT ON THE GROUND: .WHEN, WHY AND HOW.
B3.1  Communication
To obtain the highest possible visibility concerning de-/anti-icing, a good level of
communication between ground and flight crews is necessary.

Any observations or points significant to the flight or ground crew should be mutually communicated.
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These observations may concern the weather or aircraft-related circumstances or other
factors important for the dispatch of the aircraft.
The minimum communication requirements must comprise the details of when the aircraft
was de-iced and the quality of treatment (type of fluid).
This is summarized by the anti-icing code (see B3.5.5)

 

Remember:  Uncertainty should not be resolved by transferring responsibility. The only satisfactory answer is clear communication.
Don’t rely on someone else to have done the job, unless it is clearly
reported as having been done.
B3.2 Conditions which cause aircraft icing (see A1)

● Weather-related conditions
Weather conditions dictate the .when. of the .when, why and how. of aircraft de-/anti-icing on the ground.
Icing conditions on the ground can be expected when air temperatures fall below freezing and when moisture or ice occurs in the form of either precipitation or condensation. Precipitation may be rain, sleet or snow. Frost can occur due to the condensation of fog or mist. Frost occurs systematically when OAT is negative and sky is clear overnight.
To these weather conditions must be added further phenomena that can also result in aircraft ice accretion on the ground:
● Aircraft-related conditions
The concept of icing is commonly associated only with exposure to inclement weather. However, even if the OAT is above freezing point, ice or frost can form if the aircraft structure temperature is below 0° C (32° F) and moisture or relatively high humidity is present.
With rain or drizzle falling on sub-zero structure, a clear ice layer can form on the wing upper surfaces when the aircraft is on the ground. In most cases this is accompanied by frost on the underwing surface
B3.3 Checks to determine the need to de-ice/anti-ice
B3.3.1 The clean aircraft concept
Why de-ice/anti-ice on ground? The aircraft performance is certified based upon an uncontaminated or clean structure. If the clean aircraft concept were not applied, ice, snow or frost accumulations would disturb the airflow, affect lift and drag, increase weight and result in deterioration.
　
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