getting to grips with COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS 寒冷天气运行(43)

Effective: October 1, 1999
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Table 5
Guidelines for the application of SAE Type II and Type IV fluid mixtures.

Minimum Concentrations as a function of Outside Air Temperature (OAT)
Outside Air Temperature OAT  One-step Procedure De-icing/anti-icing  Two-step Procedure 
First step: De-icing  Second step Anti-icing (*) 
-3° C (27° F) and above  50/50 Heated (**) Type II/IV  Water heated or a heated mix of Type I, II or IV with water  50/50 Type II/IV 
Below -3° C (27° F) to -14° C (7° F)  75/25 Heated (**) Type II/IV  Heated suitable mix of Type I, Type II/IV and water with FP not more than 3° C (5° F) above actual OAT  75/25 Type II/IV 
Below -14° C (7° F) to -25° C (-13° F)  100/0 Heated (**) Type II/IV  Heated suitable mix of Type I, Type II/IV and water with FP not more than 3° C (5° F) above actual OAT  100/0 Type II/IV 
Below -25° C  SAE Type II/IV fluid may be used below -25° C (-13° F) provided that the freezing point of the fluid is at least a 7° C (13° F) below OAT and that aerodynamic acceptance criteria are met. Consider the use of SAE Type I when Type II/IV fluid cannot be used (see table 1). 
NOTE: For heated fluids, a fluid temperature not less than 60° C (140° F) at the nozzle is desirable. Upper temperature limit shall not exceed 90°C or fluid manufacturers recommendations. CAUTION: Wing skin temperatures may differ and in some cases may be lower than OAT. A stronger mix can be used under the latter conditions. 
(*) Clean aircraft may be anti-iced with unheated fluid. (**)To be applied before first step fluid freezes, typically within 3 minutes. 
Caution: An insufficient amount of anti-icing fluid, especially in the second step of a two-step procedure may cause a substantial loss of holdover time, particularly when using a Type I fluid mixture for the first step (de-icing). 

Effective: October 1, 1999

B3.6 Pilot techniques
This section addresses the issue of ground de-icing/anti-icing from the pilot’s point of view. The topic is covered in the order it appears on cockpit checklists and is followed through, step-by-step, from flight preparation to takeoff. The focus is on the main points of decision-making, flight procedures and pilot techniques.
For additional information refer to the FCOM:
Aircraft Type  Chapter  Subject 
A300 GE  8.03.14  PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES  Inclement weather operations - Aircraft preparation for cold weather operation 
A300 PW  8.02.11 
A300 FF  2.02.09 
A310 A300-600  2.02.13 
　
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