getting to grips with COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS 寒冷天气运行(36)

.
 Horizontal stabilizer upper surface,

.
Vertical stabilizer and rudder,

.
 Fuselage depending upon amount and type of precipitation.

Type I fluids have limited effectiveness when used for anti-icing purposes. Little benefit is gained from the minimal holdover time generated.
B3.5.3 Limits and precautions
Application limits: Under no circumstances can an aircraft that has been anti-iced receive a further coating of anti-icing fluid directly on top of the existing film.
In continuing precipitation, the original anti-icing coating will be diluted at the end of the holdover time and re-freezing could begin. Also a double anti-ice coating should not be applied because the flow-off characteristics during takeoff may be compromised. Some Type IV fluids may, over a period of time under certain low humidity conditions, thicken and affect the aerodynamic performance of the fluid during subsequent takeoff. If gel residues of Type IV fluids are found at departure, the surface must be cleaned and re-protected as necessary.

Should it be necessary for an aircraft to be re-protected prior to the next flight, the
external surfaces must first be de-iced with a hot fluid mix before a further application of anti-icing fluid is made. The aircraft must always be treated symmetrically - the left hand and right hand sides
(e.g. left wing/right wing) must receive the same and complete treatment.
Engines are usually not running or are at idle during treatment. Air conditioning should
be selected OFF. The APU may be run for electrical supply but the bleed air valve should
be closed.

All reasonable precautions must be taken to minimize fluid entry into engines, other
intakes / outlets and control surface cavities.
Do not spray de-icing / anti-icing fluids directly onto exhausts or thrust reversers.
De-icing / anti-icing fluid should not be directed into the orifices of pitot heads, static
vents or directly onto angle-of-attack sensors.
Do not direct fluids onto flight deck or cabin windows because this can cause cracking of
acrylics or penetration of the window sealing.

All doors and windows must be closed to prevent:

.
Galley floor areas being contaminated with slippery de-icing/anti-icing fluids

.
Upholstery becoming soiled.

Any forward area from which fluid may blow back onto windscreens during taxi or subsequent takeoff should be free of fluid residues prior to departure. If Type II or IV fluids are used, all traces of the fluid on flight deck windows should be removed prior to departure, with particular attention being paid to windows fitted with wipers.
De-icing/anti-icing fluid can be removed by rinsing with clear water and wiping with a soft cloth. Do not use the windscreen wipers for this purpose. This will cause smearing and loss of transparency.
　
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：getting to grips with COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS 寒冷天气运行(36)