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sector has been very successful in
promoting enhanced team working
principles through CRM, whose
principles are now implemented by nearly
every airline in the world.
EUROCONTROL’s analysis indicated
that failures in teamwork contribute to
incidents and have a negative effect on the
performance of ATCOs. The study
pointed to a need for a TRM programme
specifically tailored for air traffic services.
It was subsequently developed under the
aegis of EUROCONTROL, in
cooperation with national aviation
authorities, the International Federation of
Air Traffic Controllers’ Associations
(IFATCA), as well as a mixed team of
active controllers, training staff and
human factors experts.
“TRM is a process
to capture the
controllers’ own
understanding of
where and why
they produce
inconsequential
errors”
Mariann Hintz
ATM training expert at EUROCONTROL’s
Institute of Air Navigation Services in
Luxembourg, and Chairman of the
EUROCONTROL TRM User Group
Small errors usually go unnoticed, but can, over time, lead to more serious situations.
Martial Tardy looks at how Team Resource Management seeks to understand how
these mistakes are produced and how to put an end to them
Team Resource
Management
Hundreds of errors are being committed
daily in any ATC installation, but the vast
majority are harmless. The number of
ATC incidents and accidents remains
comparatively infinitesimal: millions of
‘mistakes’ can be made without resulting
in an actual accident.
“Statistically speaking the more errors
you produce, the greater the likelihood is
that something serious happens,” says
Hintz. In an effort to ward off these
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inconsequential exercises helps trainees
identify the relevance of the experience for
their day-to-day operations. But some
sessions also directly recreate real-life
professional situations. TRM experts
observed that the use of local occurrences,
close to the personal experience of
trainees, generated better in-depth
discussions, and the learning experiences
from local incidents and case studies were
more powerful.
Maesen recalls a situation where two
Belgian ATCOs with different mother
tongues enacted an argument. He says:
“They argued, one in French and the other
in Dutch, and they didn’t understand each
other. It’s a critical example for Brussels.”
The exercise revealed the benefits of using
English as a common language. “When the
protagonists changed languages they paid
more attention to the words and really
started listening to each other,” says Maesen.
TRM enables trainees to find collective
solutions which can be implemented in real
life. Says Hintz: “They will actually commit
to solutions at the end of the session.” The
value of such exercises is that they result in
applying social pressure, which enhances
the efficiency of the course.
The benefits of TRM are now being
extended beyond the ATCO community,
with courses for engineers, administrative
“TRM is a process to capture the
controllers’ own understanding of where
and why they produce inconsequential
errors,” explains Hintz. The aim is to “get
controllers to loosen up to such an extent
that they can reflect on their own actions,
with the consequences they have had, and
to draw conclusions from that,” she says.
In short, TRM is a safety learning tool
through which the individual is able to
understand why he or she has been
making certain errors and how he or she
can prevent these particular errors from
occurring again.
A typical TRM course, as proposed by
EUROCONTROL, would last three days.
Groups of eight to 15 trainees carry out
teambuilding exercises during which they
are requested to enact situations where
they are challenged to take a stand and
maintain their point of view by reasoning,
even though other participants see things
differently. Geert Maesen, a supervisor at
Brussels airport’s ATC tower, believes that
TRM has taught him to manage conflicts
between individuals and improve the
interaction between individuals.
One of the simple exercises that
impressed him reproduced a situation
where two car drivers were trying to get
into the same spot in a parking lot.
Debriefing after such seemingly
EUROCONTROL / IFATCA 2008: a collaborative approach to the future > Operating the network
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