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2.3 THE OFFSHORE HELICOPTER PILOT’S OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
Offshore flight operations are a highly complex and specialised process. It requires high levels of training, competence and skill to plan a flight, land and take-off from an offshore installation and to consistently execute the task safely and efficiently under ‘normal’, good weather flying conditions.
When a task is carried out in adverse weather (e.g. poor visibility), during night flying and when other predictable and / or unpredictable factors routinely found in and around the environs of an offshore installation or vessel are encountered, the skills of flight crews can be stretched.
Unlike pilots operating from onshore airfields, offshore helicopter crews have relatively little ground-based technology and fairly limited information to assist them as they commence their final approach for a landing on an offshore helideck. It is much the same when taking-off.
Despite the many advances in aircraft technology, navigation, landing and communications aids in recent years, there are currently no reliable and effective electronic landing aids available for use on offshore installations / vessels. Therefore, offshore helicopter crews have to rely heavily on their acquired skills and experience when approaching, landing and taking-off from offshore installations / vessels.
It is not necessary or appropriate to review the whole scope of helicopter flying in these guidelines. However, it is to essential to consider two important topics concerning flight crew activities that are performed within the offshore flight operations process. These are:
1.
pilot information, and
2.
approach, landing and take off manoeuvres.
Helideck Designers are recommended to acquaint themselves with these topics. They are covered in detail in the UKOOA Guidelines for the Management of Offshore Helideck Operations [Ref: 49].
2.4 HELIDECK PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED ON THE UKCS
In recent years, HSE and CAA have jointly funded a number of studies and research projects that have included analysis of incidents and other statistical data relating to offshore helicopter safety.
CAA Paper 99004 [Ref: 41] provides two good measures of the extent of problems encountered by offshore helicopters due to adverse helideck environmental conditions. In 1997, a count of the BHAB Helidecks Installation / Vessel Limitations List (IVLL) – now renamed the Helideck Limitations List (HLL) – showed the following:
RESTRICTED HELIDECKS
96 (25.6%) 279 (74.4%)
Restrictions referred to in the IVLL included notified non-compliances (e.g. physical obstructions in 210° sector and 5:1 infringements) and limitations / comments arising from flight experience (e.g. turbulent sectors and turbine exhaust effects). It is important to note that the restricted helidecks are not confined only to older Installations, MODUs and vessels (e.g. those built over 20 years ago or more). Restrictions continue to be established and imposed by the Helicopter Operators Helideck Technical Committee for basic deficiencies on helidecks that have been more recently installed.
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