离岸直升机起落甲板设计指南 OFFSHORE HELIDECK DESIGN GUIDELINES 1(10)

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In the same CAA Paper, an analysis of 18 accident reports (see following table) taken from the CAA SI&DD, Mandatory Occurrence Reporting (MOR) database shows that defects in Installation design can be cited as the cause for two thirds of the occurrences.  This situation clearly suggests that helideck operability was not properly addressed during the initial design phase of the Installations concerned. Such design deficiencies can seriously undermine operational efficiency and compromise safety
FLIGHT PHASE AT OFFSHORE INSTALLATION 
- CLIMB 
5 (27.8%)  9 (50.0%)  2 (11.1%)  2 (11.1%)  0 (0%) 

PRIMARY CAUSE 
PILOT ERROR 
4 (22.2%)  7 (38.9%)  3 (16.7%)  4 (22.2%) 

SECONDARY CAUSE 
OTHER 
0 (0%)  9 (50%)  2 (11.1%)  3 (33.3%)  4 (22.2%) 

FAILURE CATEGORY 
AIRCRAFT OPERATION 
12 (66.7%)  6 (33.3%) 

Further evidence to demonstrate the need for ensuring that design and operation of helidecks on the UKCS are properly managed, is illustrated in the following table.
The table takes data from the CAA SI&DD, Mandatory Occurrence Reporting (MOR) database over the period 1975 to 2001 and provides a breakdown of non-fatal reportable accident causes.
In recent years, as a result of several flight safety initiatives, a significant reduction in the number of non-fatal reportable accidents on the helicopter side of the equation is noted. The number of non-fatal reportable accidents caused by installation / vessel deficiencies remain fairly constant, in line with flight activity levels.
NUMBER OF OCCURRENCES 
1993-2001 
Aircraft Related Incidents (e.g. Flight Crew, Operations, Weather, Manufacture, Maintenance, etc.)  15  19  5 
Installation / Vessel Related Incidents (e.g. Helideck Operations, Adverse Helideck Environment, Vessel Motions, etc.)  2  6  2 

In addition to fatal and non-fatal reportable accidents the MOR Database also records other occurrences.
These relatively minor occurrences take place in greater numbers but are equally as important from an offshore flight safety viewpoint.  They require appropriate actions to be taken to prevent recurrence.
From an aviation perspective the occurrences are typified by events such as engine and other component failures and operational shortcomings.  Their effects are generally contained within the design and operating capability of helicopters.  
Other occurrences are helideck environmental issues, offshore helideck management and operational procedure violations.  Avoiding these violations is part of the substance for these guidelines.
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3.0 THE OFFSHORE HELIDECK DESIGN PROCESS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this part of the guidance document is to identify the topics and expand the requirements that need to be properly considered in the design and fabrication of new helidecks and the modification of existing helidecks, regardless of the type of facility to which they are fitted.
　
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