离岸直升机起落甲板设计指南 OFFSHORE HELIDECK DESIGN GUIDELINES 1(24)

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It s important that the design of the helideck is regarded as a key component of the structure, allowing for the safe transportation of personnel and equipment, as well as a primary escape route in an emergency. The design therefore needs to be integrated and not regarded as an appendage to the main structure.  
On fixed installations and some floating structures, helidecks are generally placed on top of an accommodation module.  Vessels tend to vary quite a lot with bow helidecks either mounted above bridge level or above the foredeck, positioned aft and elevated above the main deck or accommodation block level and, in some cases, offset outboard.
Layouts are invariably established following the basic published ‘landing area’ dimensional minima (i.e. CAP 437).  It is recommended the designer also give careful thought and attention to ‘operational’ criteria.
It is therefore essential whilst developing a specification and obtaining approval for construction to:
1.  
Clearly define the purpose and characteristics of the installation, MODU or vessel on which the helideck will be installed.

2.  
Identify the operating intentions of the installation operator, MODU or vessel owner. Maintain flexibility of design as far as practicable, to cater for future changes of use.  Identify all key features of the installation, MODU or vessel that may significantly affect helideck design.

For example a consensus decision is made to operate helicopters only by daylight (e.g. on a NUI) and therefore a decision is made not to install any helideck lighting.  The CAA might point out that, since this is a design decision, they will not permit any emergency evacuation flights at night and the HSE will therefore need to see a Safety Case which does not involve helicopters for night use of any kind, routine or emergency.  

3.  
Identify and eliminate, or reduce as far as possible, the hazards associated with helideck operations.  These hazards may include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following:

.  
Excessive windflow turbulence due to adjacent structures or process thermal effects (e.g. turbine exhausts, normal and emergency hydrocarbon cold venting systems), which may cause helicopter handling problems

.  
Obstructions in the approach or departure sectors

.  
Emergencies such as helicopter crashes, fires or fuel spills requiring a rapid response and therefore unimpeded helideck access

.  
The potential for personnel contact with main or tail rotors whilst on deck

.  
The potential for loose items of equipment being sucked into rotors or air intakes by structure induced turbulent airflow or rotor downwash

.  
Consider provision of protected stations for helideck crews to avoid danger from possible crash debris or rotor plane movement after landing.
　
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