离岸直升机起落甲板设计指南 OFFSHORE HELIDECK DESIGN GUIDELINES 1(34)

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Fundamental to any helideck design on a floating structure is the achievement of an optimum safety performance for a moving helideck.  
A moving helideck requires the designer and the operator to take full account of a number of key issues that require proper resolution during design if the helideck is to offer good operability and safety. Depending on the helideck location, these issues involve providing:
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Good tail rotor clearances from obstructions (e.g. vessel superstructure) for the helicopter to make a safe landing and take-off

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Increased space around the landing area to allow safe passenger and helideck crew movements

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Proper provisions for safe personnel access and egress from the helideck irrespective of the rate of helideck movement

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An accurate means of recording and reporting the actual and predicted movements of the helideck during helideck operations.

Semi-Submersibles
The helideck is typically located at one corner of the main deck (forward or aft) directly above one of the buoyancy columns and adjacent to the bridge / accommodation.  In this location, the windlasses and winches for controlling the anchoring system will be directly below the helideck.
It is therefore important to ensure there is sufficient cantilever of the helideck structure over the column and windlasses to avoid infringing the 5:1 falling gradient below the helideck surface.  It is also essential to provide sufficient air gap below the helideck structure and above the winches and housings to avoid unfavourable aerodynamic effects over the helideck.

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Normally, the position of the helideck relative to the topside structure, potential obstructions and potential flight paths will provide adequate visual cues for flight crews and sufficient clearances for landing and take-off.
Additional space around the helicopter landing area for safe passenger and helideck crew movements and during manoeuvring a helicopter for landing onto the moving helideck, is a prime consideration.
As a guide, irrespective of the helicopter type for which the helideck is designed, it is recommended, where practicable, that the overall helideck size be increased by at least 1500mm around the perimeter of the ‘D’ circle in order to provide additional working space (see Figure 7.1).
In the case of small helidecks with a 'D' circle of 16 metres or less, the provision of increased working space around the perimeter becomes a necessity. This is because small helicopters (e.g. Sikorsky S76) generally have low rotor disc heights and in some wind conditions blade sailing below the height of an average person can easily occur. The provision of this extra perimeter space and with markings based on deck centre along with a minimum of three escape points from the helideck surface will facilitate safer personnel movements. 
Jack-Ups
Helidecks on jack-ups, when on location, do not need special consideration for vessel movements because they are in effect fixed structures.  However, when under tow they are effectively a vessel, and helicopters landing on the helideck (routinely or in an emergency) will require the same design considerations and operational aids as a mobile unit.
　
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