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multiple users
For many years the military had first claim to large amounts of airspace, of which it did not always make best use. Brendan Gallagher explains how EUR0C0NTR0L's Flexible Use of Airspace process provided the answer
Europe's air forces have traditionally been jealous guardians of the right to call airspace their own. So it was little short of revolutionary when in the mid-1990s two senior officers — one British, the other French — proposed the abolition of the distinction between military and civil airspace.
"They said we should replace it with the idea of a single airspace in which both civil and military requirements had to be met," recalls Alex Hendriks, EUR0C0N¬TR0L's CND Deputy Director for Network Development. "Military airspace declared active from eight in the morning to five in the afternoon was often very little used — it was obvious on radar," says Hendriks.
So arose the Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) concept, developed from 1993-1994. FUA calls for the management of European airspace at three levels — the political, the pre-tactical and the day-to-day. "First came a series of agreements between national ministries of transport and defence that there should be no differentiation of airspace," explains Hendriks. "Then there is pre-tactical co-ordination based on airspace management cells with civil military staffs. Their job is to look at the demands for airspace from both sides the day prior to operations, and to make the necessary deci¬sions about who should have what."
Typically, a cell may decide that an exercise planned for the following day is essential and that civil traffic should be re¬routed if necessary. 0n another occasion, the military side might acknowledge the start of a holiday season, with the accom¬panying surge in civil traffic, and plan
to reduce its own requirement. "Finally, the results of that decision-making and planning go to the controllers, who can fine-tune at the tactical level by direct controller-to-controller co-ordination," says Hendriks.
FUA was introduced in two phases in 1996-98. "But," recalls Hendriks, "we found that even though the States had
declared full alignment with the concept, the actual application differed very widely. This led the European Commission to come up with a ruling in 2005, and now we're seeing more and more alignment with the original concept and more and more harmonisation among the States."
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本文链接地址：EUROCONTROL EBAA IAOPA Yearbook 2009: The Business of Flying(14)
