STEEP DESCENDING TURNS
Aim
• To understand the principles involved in
descending an aircraft at 45 AoB,
maintaining balance and airspeed.
Application
• Height loss manoeuvre within a confined
space
• Control coordination exercise
Overview
• Revision
• Principles
• Considerations
– Under-banking
– Over-banking
– Load Factor & Stall Speed
• Air Exercise
• Airmanship
• Review
Revision
Forces in a Steep Turn
g
LF
2
cos60
1
W
AoB
LF
cos
1
Revision
Forces in a descent
Principles
• The vertical component of lift is reduced in
both the descent and turn.
• The combination of both manoeuvres
produces a highly tilted lift vector.
• Therefore, at the glide speed a high rate of
turn and RoD will be achieved.
• Back pressure will be required to maintain
speed.
Considerations
A
B
• Overbanking
Considerations
• Under-banking
Outer Wing
Horizontal Distance Travelled
Loss of
Altitude
Inner Wing
L
L
Larger Angle
of Attack
Considerations
Load Factor and Stall Speed
• Load factor and stall speed increases
therefore fly faster (70kts) to maintain a
safe buffer over the stall.
AoB
LF
cos
1
V V LF S NEW SOLD
Air Exercise
Pre-Entry
• Trim for glide attitude
• Select a reference point
• Lookout
Entry
• Roll into steep descending turns, as you would into a steep turn (B
B B) except that, you lower the nose for 80kts and apply a little back
pressure.
• ≈ 1000 fpm
During
• ALAP
• If done correctly, descend 500ft every 360
Exit
• Same as steep turn resuming glide attitude
Airmanship
• Lookout
• Smooth but positive aircraft handling
• Correct Handover/Takeover procedure
Review
STEEP DESCENDING TURNS
OBJECTIVE:
To carry out a glide descending turn at an AoB of 45 maintaining s speed of 70
kts 5 kts and maintaining balance half a skid ball.
APPLICATION:
Height loss manoeuvre within a confined space
Control co-ordination exercise
AIRMANSHIP:
Maintain a good lookout
Smooth control and co-ordination during turn
Clear engine every 1000’
Monitor engine temp and pressures
Handing Over / Taking Over / I have Control drills
AIR EXERCISE:
Pre Entry:
Reference point (HDG bug onto reference)
Select reference altitude
Good lookout (especially below)
Reduce power to idle, maintain altitude with elevator, allow speed to reduce to
7 kts
Set glide descent attitude.
Trim for 65 kts
Entry:
Bank 45
Balance
Back pressure
Set attitude for 70kts
Attitude for Left turn
During:
Attitude - maintain correct attitude
Lookout - in direction of turn
Attitude - check attitude is maintained
Performance - AoB/ IAS/ Balance/ IAS
Steep Descending Turns
If performance is not being achieved make adjustments by attitude.
Anticipate exit by 15
Exit:
Bank - roll wings level
Balance - opposite rudder
Back pressure - reduce to glide attitude
Attitude for Right turn
Recover from Glide
Power - 2100 RPM
Attitude - straight and level
Speed - >90 kts
Trim - for straight and level
Steep Descending Turns
Steep Turns Mass Brief
Aim
• To learn the principles and considerations
involved in conducting a steep (level) turn
that is coordinated and in balance.
Application
• A coordination exercise
• An evasive manoeuvre
Overview
• Revision
• Definitions
• Principles
– Steep turn
• Considerations
– Power
– Load factor
– Spiral dive
• Air Exercise
• Airmanship
Revision
• Forces in a Medium Level Turn
30°
Definitions
Steep Turn
• A turn where the angle of bank is equal to
or in excess of 45°
45°
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