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10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
25
15 20
10
5
RPM
Air Exercise
• TURNS
– set attitude referring to AH, ALT and
VSI.
Backpressure
– Refer to T&B and balance with
rudder
Balance
– Roll on bank to 17 degrees (rate
one) referring to the AH.
Bank
Air Exercise
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
5
6
7
8
9
UP
DN
VSI 20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
25
15 20
10
5
RPM
Air Exercise
CLIMBING / DESCENDING TURNS
– set attitude to maintain speed
referring to AH and ASI.
Backpressure
– Refer to T&B and balance with
rudder.
Balance
– Roll on bank to 17 degrees (rate
one) referring to the AH.
Bank
Air Exercise
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
5
6
7
8
9
UP
DN
VSI 20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
25
15 20
10
5
RPM
Airmanship
• Avoid flying into cloud – if you do, conduct
a 180 rate one turn to exit.
• Smooth and positive control inputs.
• Use correct scan techniques.
• Do not chase performance
instruments…SET ATTITUDE!
• Instrument Taxi checks.
• Correct hand-over/takeover procedure.
Review
Instrument Flight
Aim
• To learn to correctly fly an aircraft
accurately, solely by reference to the
aircraft instruments.
Application
– Precision control and coordination
– Practise towards a NVFR or CIR
– Used to exit cloud upon accidental entry
– Assist in flying an aircraft in reduced visibility
Overview
• Revision
• Definitions
• Principles
• Considerations
• Air Exercise
• Airmanship
Revision
• Aircraft instruments
15 20 25
10
5
RPM
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
6 5
7
8
9
VSI
20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
L R
Definitions
• Rate one turn
– A turn that takes 2 min to alter heading 360°
– Calculated by:
• Instrument Scan
– A method used to view and cross reference
the instruments in order to check and
maintain performance.
AoB 10%IAS 7
Principles
• Instrument interpretation
– Power + attitude = Performance
Tacho – Gives power information
Pitch – AH, ALT, ASI, VSI
Bank – AH, T&B, DG
Yaw – Only the balance ball
15 20 25
10
5
RPM
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
6 5
7
8
9
VSI
20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
L R
Principles
• Aircraft Control
– Maintain smooth coordination of power and flight
controls
– AH and Tacho used to set up initial configuration, then
other instruments used to cross-reference and confirm
performance is being achieved.
To change configuration:
Change – adopt required power and attitude
Check – check performance
Hold – if correct; or
Adjust – if required
Trim – as required
Principles
• Instrument Scan
15 20 25
10
5
RPM
0 1
2
3
4
ALT
6 5
7
8
9
VSI
20
20
5 15
10
10 15
5
40
60
80
120 100
140
160
T&B
L R
Considerations
• Sensory Illusions
– Vestibular organs
• 3 semi-circular organs in the inner ear which detect
accelerations by moving tiny hair follicles
• Constant velocity or gradual changes in velocity is
not detected
– Somatogravic Illusion
• Acceleration / Deceleration causes sensations of
up / down pitch. Worst at night during a go-around
or climb.
Considerations
• Sensory Illusions
– Spatial Disorientation
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RMIT Flight Training RMIT飞行训练(54)
