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- A spin is a condition of flight where the aircraft performs a spiral descent.
Occurs because on wing stalls before the other.
Brief 10
RMIT Flight Training Spinning
RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 2
Principles:
A spin occurs as a result of uncoordinated, uncorrected stall. Therefore spinning is
associated with low airspeeds.
If the stalled aircraft yaws, one wing travels faster, creating more lift. This results in a
roll. The falling wing would have an increased AoA, thus becoming more deeply
stalled.
A result of this would be an increase in drag, which causes a yaw in the direction of
the roll. More yaw causes more roll and the aircraft is in motion about all three axes.
The aircraft is: - stalled
- rolling
- yawing
- pitching
- slipping
- rapidly losing altitude at a low airspeed
Brief 10
RMIT Flight Training Spinning
RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 3
Considerations:
Two Types of Spin
Flat Spin: Steep Spin:
- Higher nose attitude
- Increased drag
- Decreased rotation
- Reduced rate of descent
- Low nose attitude
- Higher rotation
- Increased rate of descent
Centre of Gravity
- Rearward CoG encourages nose up pitch, giving a flatter spin, and
difficulty in recovering. Forward CoG normally results in a steeper spin.
Autorotation
- Occurs during the incipient (initial) stage of the spin.
Two main features:
1. Autoroll
- the more deeply the dropping wing stalls, the more the aircraft wants
to roll into the direction of the spin.
2. Autoyaw
- dropping wing will generate more drag, yawing the aircraft into the
spin.
Brief 10
RMIT Flight Training Spinning
RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 4
Spin v. Spiral Dive (not to be confused!)
Spin associated with
- low IAS (stalled)
- high rotation rate
- low noise level
- possible buffet
Spiral Dive associated with
- high and increasing IAS
- high noise level
Air Exercise:
Entry
- Pick reference point
- Manoeuvre checks:
Height sufficient to recover by 3000ft.
Hatches/Harnesses secure.
Engine Temperature & Pressure.
Location - not above populated area.
Loose articles secure.
Lookout (360 turn).
- Reduce power to idle (maintain altitude).
- When stall occurs, apply full rudder in desired direction and aft control
column.
During
- Count three rotations
Recovery
- Apply full opposite rudder to stop rotation
- Ease control column forward to unstall wings
- Level wings and ease out of dive
- As nose passes horizon, climb away.
Airmanship:
- Lookout
- Pre-manoeuvre checks
- Do not use aileron to pick up wing drop
- Speed and manoeuvre limitations not to be exceeded
- Smooth coordinated use of controls
- Correct handover/ takeover procedure
- UNINTENTIONAL STALL OR SPIN SHOULD NEVER OCCUR!
Brief 10
RMIT Flight TTrraaiinniinngg SteSeppinTnuirnngs
RMIT Flight Training Steep Turns
RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 1 Brief 11
STEEP TURNS
Aim: To learn the principles and considerations involved in conducting a steep turn.
Application:
- An evasive manoeuvre.
- Coordination exercise.
Definitions:
A steep turn is when the angle of bank is equal to or in excess of 45o.
Revision:
Forces in a MLT
Load Factor = L / W
Principles:
Forces in a Steep Turn
S & L STEEP TURN
L = 2W
LF = 2g
L
W
Straight and level
L = W
L
W W
L
L
W
L
W W
L
RMIT Flight Training Steep Turns
RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 2 Brief 11
Considerations:
Power
- The AoA causes an DI which must be balanced by T, to maintain
speed.
Load Factor
- Since L = 2W then LF = 2g and you feel twice your normal weight.
- Remember graph from stalling lesson: @ 60 AoB ie: 2g
VS by 40%
to 62KIAS
Spiral Dive
- Due to disorientation or loss of altitude during high AoB manoeuvres.
Symptoms:
1. High and increasing IAS
2. Low nose attitude, high RoD
3. High AoB
4. High noise level
Increased
Stall Speed
1G 2G 3G 4G
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
“g” load
RMIT Flight Training Steep Turns
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