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square" and atmospheric attenuation, but also by ground
absorption and reflection effects which dipend mainly on the
angle y. For geometrical reasons it is generally not possible
to choose K, so that condition 1) above isfuljilled while at the
same time y, and yrrl are kept equal at all times tl.
Note 4.- The time trl is later @or Qrl& > QIK) than tl by
two separate amounts:
a) the time taken for the aeroplane to travel the distance
QrlQ,,, at a speed Vr less the time taken for it to travel
QIQO at V;
b) the time taken for sound to travel the distance Qrl& -
Q,K.
Note 5.- Where thrust or power cutback is used there will
be test and reference flight paths at full thrust orpower and at
cutback thrust or power: Where the transient region between
these aflects the final result an interpolation must be made
between them by an approved method such as that given in
Chapter 2, 2.2.1, of Doc 9501.
9.4.2.1 The measured values of SPL(i)l, etc., shall be
adjusted to the reference values SPL(ijrl, etc., for the differences
between measured and reference noise path lengths and
between measured and reference atmospheric conditions, by
the methods of 9.3.2.1 of this appendix. Corresponding values
of PNLrl shall be computed.
9.4.2.2 For each value of PNLr1 a pure sound correction
C1 shall be determined by analysing the reference values
SPL(i), etc., by the methods of 4.3 of this appendix, and
added to PNLrl to give PNLTrl.
9.4.3 Duration correction
The values of PNLT, corresponding to those of PNLT at each
one-half second interval shall be plotted against time (PNLTrl
at time trl, etc.). The duration correction shall then be determined
by the method of 4.5.1 of this appendix, to give EPNL,.
9.4.4 Source noise adjustment
Finally, a source noise adjustment A3 shall be determined by
the methods of 9.3.4 of this appendix.
APP 2-30
Appendix 2 Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
EPNL
4I rCeulerv~ea cnotr~rreecfteerde tnoc caeoll n odtihtieorn s I
Test Reference
Engine control I
P Pr parameter
Figure A2-12. Noise thrust correction
PNLT t
i Aeroplane
Figure At-13. Symmetry correction
r
Reference
Qrn / yr flight path
Test
flight path
Figure A2-14. Correspondence between measured and reference flight paths
for application of correction integrated methods
APP 2-31
Annex 16 - Environmental Protection Volume I
Projection of flight
path on ground plane
/ ----
- - -I-/- J - -
f-Run-way cen-tre line -----
Figure A2-15 a). Measured fight path
Runway centre line
------------
I/
---------------
Parallel to the runway centre
kr Line at specified distance
path
., . . .. . . I
Figure A2-15 b). Reference fight path
APP 2-32
Appendix 2 Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
9.5 Flight path
identification positions
Position
v
v,.
Description
Aeroplane test speed.
Position
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Description
Aeroplane reference speed
Start of take-off roll.
Lift-off. 9.6 Flight path distances
Distance
AB
Start of first constant climb. Unit Meaning
metres Length of take-off roll. The distance along
the runway between the start of take-off
roll and lift off.
Start of thrust reduction.
Start of second constant climb.
metres Take-off measurement distance. The distance
from the start of roll to the take-off
noise measurement station along the
extended centre line of the runway.
End of noise certification take-off flight path.
Start of noise certification approach flight path.
Position on approach path directly above noise
measuring station.
metres Take-off flight track distance. The distance
h mth e start of roll to the take-off
flight track position along the extended
centre line of the runway for which the
position of the aeroplane need no longer
be recorded.
Start of level-off.
Touchdown.
metres Measured noise path. The distance from
the measured aeroplane position Q to
station K.
Noise measurement point.
Reference measurement point.
metres Reference noise path. The distance ffom
the reference aeroplane position Q, to
station K,
Flyover noise measurement point.
Lateral noise measurement point.
metres Aeroplane approach height. The height
(feet) ofthe aeroplane above the approach
measuring station.
Approach noise measurement point.
End of noise certification take-off flight track.
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