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3.5 Trade-offs
If the maximum noise levels are exceeded at one or two
measurement points:
a) the sum of excesses shall not be greater than 3 EPNdB;
Part II - Chapter 3 Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
b) any excess at any single point shall not be greater than a) average engine take-off thrust or power shall be used
2 EPNdB; and from the start of take-off to the point where at least the
following height above runway level is reached:
c) any excesses shall be offset by corresponding reductions
at the other point or points. I) aeroplanes with two engines or less - 300 m
(984 ft);
3.6 Noise certification
reference procedures
2) aeroplanes with three engines - 260 m (853 ft);
3) aeroplanes with four engines or more - 210 m
(689 ft);
3.6.1 General conditions
b) upon reaching the height specified in a) above, the thrust
3.6.1.1 The reference procedures shall comply with the or power shall not be reduced below that required to
appropriate airworthiness requirements. maintain:
3.6.1.2 The calculations of reference procedures and 1) a climb gradient of 4 per cent; or
flight paths shall be approved by the certificating authority.
2) in the case of multi-engined aeroplanes, level flight
3.6.1.3 Except in conditions specified in 3.6.1.4, the with one engine inoperative;
lake-off and approach reference procedures shall be those
defined in 3.6.2 and 3.6.3 respectively. whichever thrust or power is greater;
3.6.1.4 When it is shown by the applicant that the design c) for the purpose of determining the lateral hll-power
characteristics of the aeroplane would prevent flight being noise level, the reference flight path shall be calculated
conducted in accordance with 3.6.2 and 3.6.3, the reference on the basis of using hll take-off power throughout
procedures shall: without a thrust or power reduction;
a) depart from the reference procedures defined in 3.6.2 and d) the speed shall be the all-engines operating take-off climb
3.6.3 only to the extent demanded by those design char- speed selected by the applicant for use in normal operacteristics
which make compliance with the procedures ation, which shall be at least V2 + 19 kmh (V2 + 10 kt)
impossible; and but not greater than V2 + 37 kmm (V2 + 20 kt) and which
shall be attained as soon as practicable after lift-off and be
b) be approved by the certificating authority. maintained throughout the take-off noise certification test;
3.6.1.5 The reference procedures shall be calculated under
the following reference atmospheric conditions: e) a constant take-off configuration selected by the applicant
shall be maintained throughout the take-off
a) sea level atmospheric pressure of 1 013.25 hPa;
b) ambient air temperature of 2S°C, i.e. ISA + 10°C;
c) relative humidity of 70 per cent;
d) zero wind; and
e) for the purpose of defining the reference take-off profiles
for both take-off and lateral noise measurements, the
runway gradient is zero.
Note.- The reference atmosphere in terms of temperature
and relative humidity is homogeneous when used for the calculation
of atmospheric absorption coefjicients.
3.6.2 Take-off reference procedure
Take-off reference flight path shall be calculated as follows:
-
reference procedure except that the landing gear may be
retracted. Configuration shall be interpreted as meaning
the conditions of the systems and centre of gravity position
and shall include the position of lift augmentation
devices used, whether thc APU is operating, and
whether air bleeds and power off-takes are operating;
f) the mass of the aeroplane at the brake release shall be
the maximum take-off mass at which the noise certification
is requested; and
g) the average engine shall be defined by the average of all
the certification compliant engines used during the
aeroplane flight tests up to and during certification when
operated to the limitations and procedures given in the
flight manual. This will establish a technical standard
including the relationship of thrust/power to control
parameters (e.g. N, or EPR). Noise measurements made
during certification tests shall be corrected to this
standard.
Annex 16 - Environmental Protection Volume I
Note.- Take-off thrust/power used shall be the maximum
available for normal operations as scheduled in the performance
section of the aeroplanejlight manual for the reference
atmospheric conditions given in 3.6.1.5.
3.6.3 Approach reference procedure
The approach reference flight path shall be calculated as
follows:
a) the aeroplane shall be stabilized and following a 3" glide
path;
b) a steady approach speed of VREF + 19 kmlh (VRF +
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