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design
• compatibility:
• • provide adequate supporting for body
• • armrests at least 2 in wide and 8 in long
• • backrest reclines 100-105degree
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.2 Workstation for ATCer
content(communication equipment design)
Speech transmission equipment
• intelligibility
• effect of environment noise
speech reception equipment
• Primary issue in design of headphone and loader
speakers is assurance of intelligibility. Listeners will
understand the transmitted message.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.2 Workstation for ATCer
content (communication equipment design)
Good control:
• volume/gain controls
• squelch control : suppresses noise level
• foot/hand operation control
• • foot control for seated controller
• • hand control for standing controller
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
2. Liveware-Environment
(environment design)
Lighting
Temperature and humidity
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
2. Liveware-Environment
(environment design)
Task on the controller is required to perform
• lamps and the types of ambient lighting(direct
sunlight, semi-direct or diffuse lighting)
• level of illuminant
• distribution of light
• range of luminance from the workstation display
and indicators
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
2. Liveware-Environment
(environment design)
Reduction of reflection and glare
• they have effect on a display screen
Optimum levels of temperature and humidity
• air temperature
• wall temperature or temperature of surrounding structure
• humidity
• ventilation(e.g. Speed of recirculating air)
• physical workload of the controller
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
2. Liveware-Environment
(environment design)
Acceptable level of noise
• ambient noise is chiefly caused by vibration :
• • people conversation
• • large capacity ventilation system or other system
generating vibration
• control ways:
• • the source of noise
• • along the of noise
• • at the receiver of the noise
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
3. Liveware-Liveware
1. CRM(cockpit resource management)
2. TRM(team resource management)
3. Organizational issue
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
3.1 CRM
Background
Content
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
3.1 CRM
(background)
Conclusion of 37 significant accidents
investigation in 11 years by NTSB:
• the major reasons are human factors
• those accidents could be avoided
The investigation of CRM began in 70s, the
concept of CRM was provided by NASA in 1978
Application and development of CRM by United
Airlines Inc.,Royal Dutch Airlines,Trans World
Airlines Inc.,
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
3.1 CRM
(content)
Enhancing decision making skill
Avoid dangerous attitudes :
Anti-authority don’t tell me!
Impulsivity do something quickly
Invulnerability it won’t happen to me
Macho
Resignation
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
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AIRWORTHINESS AND FLIGHT STANDARDS(19)
