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A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
AIRWORTHINESS AND FLIGHT STANDARDS
MASTER IN AVIATION SAFETY MANAGEMENT
FLIGHT OPERATIONS
OPS 09 – Air transport safety and human factors
Tianjin
June 2010
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Part 5
General Interface Issues
Sun Ruishan
Research Institute of Civil Aviation Safety
Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
Tel：0086-22-24092593
Fax：0086-22-24957940
Email: sunrsh@hotmail.com
http://www.air-safety.com/
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Contents
1. Liveware-Hardware
2. Liveware-Environment (environment design)
3. Liveware-Liveware
4. Liveware-Software
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
SHEL model
1972 Elwyn Edwards
1984 Frank H Hawkins
Human Factors in Flight
1. Liveware
2. Hardware
3. Software
4. Environment
And their interface
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1. Liveware-Hardware
1. Cockpit for pilots
2. Workstation for air traffic controllers
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
To present the main HF topics used in
aeronautics,through practical examples(cockpit
interface)
To present the approach developed by AIRBUS to
take into account the HF in the cockpit design
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
Classical criteria for ergonomics :
• external visibility
• internal visibility
• safety around the head
• accessibility to the control
• general accessibility and visibility
• mission achievement
• comfort and aesthetism
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
A300:introduction to push button technology
• A principle:dark cockpit
- no lights in normal configuration
- the light figures the state of the system
-- amber: warning
-- white: off
-- blue: manually on
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Background
The first known application of psychological
principle to an equipment design problem
during World War II.
•The landing gear were retracted by pilots after
landing, because its control was easily confused with
flap and located side by side.
• This is one of example of “design-induced error”.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
A300:introduction to push button technology
• the green line on the overhead panel for the
synoptic:
- logical grouping of controls and assistance to
the procedure application
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
A310(1983): the basic principles:
• two pilots
• forward Facing Crew Cockpit
• dark cockpit
• need to know philosophy?
- the right information when necessary
- the only useful information
• improvement of the pilots’ comfort
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
A310:the principles for information display
• no ambiguity,instinctive,suited to the parameter
to visualize
• information are filtered depending to the flight
phrase
• information take place in loop information:action
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
A320(1988): display and lateral stick used
principles:
• push button and dark cockpit
• “need to know”: EFIS+ECAM+EWD=EIS
• FMS: for navigation management
• unified control interface
••navigation,maintenance,data link(ACARS)
•••multi purpose control and display unit(MCDU)
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AIRWORTHINESS AND FLIGHT STANDARDS(17)
