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Non-ILS approaches are normally flown using VNAV or V/S pitch modes.
Recommended roll modes are provided in the applicable Operations Manual
procedure.
Non - ILS Instrument Approaches - General
Over the past several decades there have been a number of CFIT and unstabilized
approach incidents and accidents associated with non-precision (non-ILS)
approaches and landings. Many of these could be prevented by the use of constant
angle approach methods. Traditional methods of flying non-ILS approaches
involve setting a vertical speed on final approach, leveling off at step-down
altitudes (if applicable) and at MDA(H), followed by a transition to a visual final
approach segment and landing. These traditional methods involve changing the
flight path at low altitudes and are not similar to methods for flying ILS
approaches. Further, these traditional methods often require of the crew a higher
level of skill, judgment and training than the typical ILS approach.
The following sections describe methods for flying non-ILS constant angle
approaches. If used, these methods provide a constant angle approach, which
reduces exposure to crew error and CFIT accidents. These methods also make it
much easier for the crew to achieve a stabilized approach to a landing once
suitable visual reference to the runway environment has been established.
October 31, 2004
767 Flight Crew Training Manual
Approach and Missed Approach
Copyright © The Boeing Company. See title page for details.
FCT 767 (TM) 5.29
A typical Instrument Approach using VNAV or V/S, as illustrated, assumes all
preparations for the approach; such as review of the approach procedure and
setting of minima and radio tuning have been completed. The procedures
illustrated focuses generally on crew actions and avionics systems information.
The flight pattern may be modified to suit local traffic and air traffic requirements.
The following discussions assume a straight-in instrument approach is being
flown. A circling approach may be flown following an instrument approach using
VNAV or V/S provided the MCP altitude is set in accordance with the circling
approach procedure.
Types of Approaches
VNAV is the preferred method for accomplishing non-ILS approaches that have
an appropriate vertical path defined on the FMC LEGS page. The section on Use
of VNAV provides several methods for obtaining an appropriate path, to include
published glide paths, and where necessary, a pilot constructed path. V/S may be
used as an alternate method for accomplishing non-ILS approaches.
Use of the Autopilot during Approaches
Automatic flight is the preferred method of flying non-ILS approaches. Automatic
flight minimizes flight crew workload and facilitates monitoring the procedure
and flight path. During non-ILS approaches, autopilot use allows better course and
vertical path tracking accuracy, reduces the probability of inadvertent deviations
below path, and is therefore recommended until suitable visual reference is
established on final approach.
Manually flying non-ILS approaches in IMC conditions increases workload
without a significant increase in efficiency and protection provided by the
automatic systems. However, to maintain flight crew proficiency, pilots may elect
to use the flight director without the autopilot when in VMC conditions.
Note: Currently, the VNAV PTH mode contains no path deviation alerting. For
this reason, the autopilot should remain engaged until suitable visual
reference has been established.
Raw Data Monitoring Requirements
During localizer-based approaches; LOC, LOC-BC, LDA, SDF, and IGS,
applicable raw data must be monitored throughout the approach.
October 31, 2004
767 Flight Crew Training Manual
Approach and Missed Approach
Copyright © The Boeing Company. See title page for details.
5.30 FCT 767 (TM)
767-200, 767-300
With a single operational FMC, during VOR approaches one pilot must have raw
data from the VOR associated with the approach displayed on the RDMI or RMI
(as installed) with separate DME display, or HSI in a VOR mode no later than the
final approach fix. During other non-localizer based approaches where the FMC
is used for course or path tracking (VOR, TACAN, NDB, RNAV, GPS, etc.),
monitoring raw data is recommended, if available. For airplanes with two
operational FMCs, two IRSs and two GPS receivers (or two DME receivers if
GPS updating is not available), or if the FMC is RNP/ANP capable, raw data
monitoring is not required.
767-200, 767-300
Note: The FMC is RNP/ANP capable if RNP/ANP is displayed on the applicable
FMC POS REF page.
767-400
During non-localizer based approaches where the FMC is used for course or path
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767机组训练手册Flight Crew Training Manual (FCTM)767(73)
